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Pre -duty use: <br />No driver shall perform safety -sensitive functions within four hours after using alcohol. <br />No employer having actual knowledge that a driver has used alcohol within four hours <br />shall permit a driver to perform or continue to perform safety -sensitive functions. <br />Use following an accident. <br />No driver required to take a post -accident alcohol test under 382.303 shall use alcohol <br />for eight hours following the accident, or until he/she undergoes a post -accident alcohol <br />test, whichever occurs first. <br />Refusal to submit to a required alcohol or controlled substances test <br />(1) Fail to appear for any test (except a pre -employment test) within a reasonable time, <br />as determined by the employer, consistent with applicable DOT agency regulations, <br />after being directed to do so by the employer. This includes the failure of an employee <br />(including an owner -operator) to appear for a test when called by a CITPA (see <br />40.61 a of this title); <br />(2) Fall to remain at the testing site until the testing process is complete. Provided, that <br />an employee who leaves the testing site before the testing process commences (see <br />40.63 c of this title) a pre- employment test is not deemed to have refused to test; <br />(3) Fail to provide a urine specimen for any drug test required by this part or DOT <br />agency regulations. Provided, that an employee who does not provide a urine specimen <br />because he or she has left the testing site before the testing process commences (see <br />40.63 c of this title) for a pre -employment test is not deemed to have refused to test; <br />(4) In the case of a directly observed or monitored collection in a drug test, fails to <br />permit the observation or monitoring of the driver's provision of a specimen (see <br />40.67 I and 40.69(p) of this title); <br />(5) Fail to provide a sufficient amount of urine when directed, and it has been <br />determined, through a required medical evaluation, that there was no adequate medical <br />explanation for the failure (see §40.193(d)(2) of this title); <br />(6) Fail or declines to take a second test the employer or collector has directed the <br />driver to take; <br />(7) Fail to undergo a medical examination or evaluation, as directed by the MRO as part <br />of the verification process, or as directed by the DER under §40.193(d) of this title. In <br />the case of a pre- employment drug test, the employee is deemed to have refused to <br />test on this basis only if the pre -employment test is conducted following a contingent <br />offer of employment; <br />4 <br />