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tions upon the spatial area to be considered for potential annexation. <br />Accordingly, the study area includes all existing urbanized land adjacent, or in <br />close proximity, to the City and adequate additional acreage to be studied for <br />identifying where long-range growth may occur. <br />As shown on Map 1, the annexation study area generally extends from 1-1/2 to <br />2-1/2 miles beyond the present corporate limits. In some areas, the boundary <br />extends up to 4-1/2 miles from the City. Overall, the study area encompasses <br />approximately 73 square miles and includes territory located in Centre, Clay, <br />German, Greene, Penn, Portage and Warren townships. <br />Several jurisdictional factors were also considered in establishing the study area <br />boundaries. One is the forinal governmental boundaries of the City of <br />Mishawaka, Towns of Roseland and Indian Village and the State of Michigan. <br />Another factor is the informal boundary between South Bend and Mishawaka, <br />both to the north and south of the present common corporate limit. To the <br />north, the common corporate limit has generally been along Hickory Road. In <br />order to provide adequate spatial area for the study, the boundary of the study area <br />follows Hickory Road north to Brick Road. Near this point, the northernmost <br />corporate limit of Mishawaka ends, and thus, the study area boundary was <br />extended further east to Gumwood Road, which is also the eastern boundary of <br />Clay Township. To the south, the informal boundary is less defined. In addition <br />to the need for having an adequate spatial area for the study, the boundary for the <br />study area was established based upon additional considerations for managing <br />growth along major roadways such as Ireland Road and the U.S. 20 Bypass, as well <br />as the need to consider in -fill annexation of territories that are gradually <br />becoming surrounded by one or both of the adjacent cities. <br />A final note about the study area is the Elbel Golf Course. This property is owned <br />by the City, but is not a part of the corporate limits. It is shown on Map 1 for <br />reference purposes only. <br />12 <br />