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Section III reviews physical planning elements with respect to where growth has <br />and may occur. Land use and zoning provide background information that can be <br />used for developing the City's physical plan for growth through annexation. <br />These two planning elements show where the urban area presently extends, and <br />provides insight into where future urban expansion may occur. They show the <br />location of undeveloped territory that could be developed in the future in order <br />to meet the City's growth needs and, also, what presently developed territory may <br />need to be annexed to attain the annexation goals. Additionally, these two <br />planning elements can be a primary requirement for compliance with certain <br />aspects of the State annexation law. Twenty years of expansion of the City's <br />corporate boundary through annexation and major residential developments <br />outside of the City are reviewed. Also addressed is the physical capability of land <br />to support future urban growth. <br />South Bend will be required to extend certain municipal services to annexed <br />territory. Section IV provides a brief review of these services on a departmental <br />basis and identifies what involvement each department will have with respect to <br />future annexation. The need for potential major capital and non -capital <br />expenditures for certain services will also be identified along with the need for <br />formulating coordinated, long-range plans for extending services to annexed <br />territory. <br />Section V consolidates the informational foundation of the previous sections of <br />the study and establishes the City's annexation policy. The annexation policy <br />states the goal the City desires through annexation, formulates objectives that can <br />be used to achieve these goals, and presents guidelines to be used for <br />implementing annexation actions and for decision -making in the planning <br />process. <br />The annexation plan, presented as Section VI, is the graphic presentation of the <br />planned physical expansion of the City through annexation. It identifies both <br />developed land having urbanized characteristics similar to the City, as well as <br />undeveloped land where future growth is anticipated. <br />This study relies heavily upon the collection and analysis of planning data. The <br />presentation of this data, along with the City's Annexation Plan, is made on <br />several maps which are consolidated in a companion binder titled Map Appendix. <br />C. ANNEXATION STUDY AREA <br />Where should annexation occur? This is one of the ultimate objectives to be <br />addressed by this study. In order to begin studying for future annexation, a defined <br />spatial area was needed. <br />The annexation study area was established for planning purposes only. The <br />boundary of the study area is not intended to represent the ultimate long-range <br />limits of future annexation. As a study area, it was important not to place restric- <br />11 <br />