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3. Connectivity <br />This section details information regarding the charging stations' connectivity and <br />communication. <br />3.1. Communication Gateway <br />A communication gateway is required to enable the connectivity between the charging <br />stations and the CPO backend. The communication gateway is a device which operates <br />independently from the charging stations. It must always be connected to the network, in <br />accordance with the usage conditions and annexes of the Global Management Service <br />(GMS) contract. Detailed information about the gateway specifications can be found on <br />the Doi XBee data sheet. <br />3.2. Communication Protocols <br />The gateway enables communication between the charging stations and the CPO backend <br />using the following communication protocols: <br />• Gateway and charging stations H Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4) <br />• Gateway and CPO backend H Cellular (HSPA+/LTE) or Ethernet (LAN) <br />Communications between the gateway and charging stations are bidirectional. The <br />Gateway can receive data and other signals from the charging stations, as well as send <br />commands to control the charging stations. Communications between the Gateway and <br />CPO backend usually uses a direct cellular communication. This is the most typical <br />installation and is recommended over Ethernet (LAN) or Master/Auxiliary options for <br />simplicity: <br />5 <br />