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Table of Contents <br />AMERESCO, INC. <br />NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS <br />(In thousands, except per share amounts) <br />As of December 31, 2023, we had the following tax loss and credit carryforwards to offset taxable income in prior and future years: <br />Federal net operating loss carryforwards <br />State net operating loss carryforwards <br />Canadian net operating loss carryforwards <br />Ireland net operating loss carryforwards <br />Spain net operating loss carryforwards <br />Total tax loss carryforwards <br />Federal Energy Investment and Production tax credit carryforward <br />Amount <br />Expiration Period <br />$ 69,130 <br />Indefinite <br />91,411 <br />Various <br />32,527 <br />2028 through 2043 <br />324 <br />Indefinite <br />2,302 <br />Indefinite <br />$ 195,694 <br />82,768 <br />2030 through 2043 <br />The provision for income taxes is based on the various rates set by federal and local authorities and is affected by permanent and temporary differences between financial <br />accounting and tax reporting requirements. <br />The principle reason for the difference between the statutory rate and the estimated annual effective rate for 2023 were the effects of tax deductions related to the Section 179D <br />Commercial Buildings Energy -Efficiency deduction, investment tax credits we are entitled from solar plants which have been placed into service during 2023 and, the deferred <br />benefit for a reduction in future state taxes. The Section 179D deduction available for 2023 was substantially higher compared to prior years because of enhancements to Section <br />179D in the IRA. In addition, we were able to identify and document a large Section 179D eligible from a prior year that had not previously been available. We also benefited <br />from the deferred effect of a reduction in our future state tax rates resulting from apportionment changes in a major state. <br />The principal reasons for the difference between the statutory rate and the estimated annual effective rate for 2022 were the effects of investment tax credits we are entitled from <br />solar plants which have been placed into service during 2022, the tax deductions related to the Section 179D Commercial Buildings Energy -Efficiency deduction, the benefit of <br />disqualifying dispositions on certain employee stock options and favorable tax basis adjustments on certain partnership flip transactions. <br />The investment tax credits and production tax credits we may be entitled to fluctuate from year to year based on the cost of the renewable energy plants we place in service and <br />production levels at facilities we own in that year. <br />On December 27, 2020 the President signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 H.R. 133, which among other things made the Section 179D Energy Efficient <br />Commercial Building Deduction permanent. The Section had previously been extended for years up to December 31, 2020. That Act also made changes to the way in which the <br />deduction is calculated including adding an inflation adjustment and an update of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air -Conditioning Engineers ("ASHRAE") <br />Standard by which energy improvements are measured. On December 23, 2022, the IRS issued Announcement 2023-1 which clarified the ASHRAE energy efficiency <br />standards which will be applied to projects placed in service for 2021 and 2022. <br />88 <br />