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Chapin Park Local Historic District Guidebook <br />Page 5 <br />BUILDING TYPES &STYLES <br />Building Types <br />AMERICAN FOURSQUARE <br />Named for its square ground plan with four rooms on <br />each floor, the American Foursquare became the preemi- <br />nent post-Victorian house type. The simplicity and prac- <br />ticality of the American Foursquare made it ideal for <br />economical construction and maintenance. Balloon fram- <br />ing encloses the most volume possible with the efficient <br />use of materials. Capped with a gable or hip roof, many have one or more dormers and <br />full-width porches in several variations. Foursquares may be found with Queen Anne, <br />Colonial revival, Craftsman and Prairie features. A few Foursquares in the district have <br />two-story verandas. <br />BUNGALOW <br />The term bungalow is a derivative of the Hindi word <br />bangla, a one-story Bengalese house surrounded by <br />verandahs. Bungalows first originated in California <br />(1903-1905) and can now be found across the country due <br />to the popularity of the work of Greene & Greene and <br />others. Bungalows have a low-pitched gable roof, often a <br />side gable, with wide unenclosed eaves; exposed rafters and knee braces; and either par- <br />tial- or full-width porches supported by tapered square piers or columns. Gable or shed <br />dormers are also a recognizable element of this house type. Some have hipped roofs and <br />hipped dormers. Bungalows were built in America from the 1900s to 1930s. <br />FIREHOUSE <br />Built to house the horses, carriages, vehicles and equip- <br />ment firemen used in the nearby area, the form of the fire- <br />house was designed to meet the needs of an important <br />civic service. Turn-of-the-century firehouses typically <br />were built with a stable area on the first floor, a wide door <br />for access to the fire carriage/truck, a hose-drying tower <br />and quarters above for the firemen. In South Bend, fire- <br />houses were built with Classical, Queen Anne and other stylistic embellishments. <br />Source:McCalester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. <br />New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.