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Madison also exhibits -,features reminiscent of medieval castle or fortress building traditions as opposed to cathedral architecture. Thick lower walls between the foundation and window sill -line string -course resemble the battered walls of a medieval fortress. Architectural elements such as the castellated parapet, tower -like corner projections and heavy batten doors further reiterate the fortress -inspired building form of this fine example of the popular Collegiate Gothic style. Historic Development The origins of the James Madison school may be traced to 1863 when the "Goose Pasture School" was built. Significant numbers of German immigrants began settling South Bend in the 1850s; in subsequent decades they congregated in the northern section of town. Many raised flocks of geese for food, feathers and "goose grease." The territory consequently became known as "Goose Pasture." The first school constructed in this area to accommodate the children of these immigrants derived its name from this fact. This original school was built in 1864 and was located at the intersection of Lafayette and Madison Streets. Between 1864 and 1892 it functioned much like a rural, four -room school house. It was built of yellow brick and was two stories high with two school rooms on each floor. The locally prominent citizen and historian, Otto Knoblock, attended this original school. Later in life he maintained a "black memorandum book" in which he recorded the names of individuals who attended the Goose Pasture School from 1864-1880. The list reveals that many children of early pioneer, north -side families attended the school. With the expanding settlement around the area, and growing demands for the education of young people, the "old Madison School" building was replaced by a larger building in 1893. This building was constructed of red brick with stone trimmings and slate roof. The cost involved was approximately $25,000.00. It was abandoned as a school in 1929 and for some years served as a food distribution center for the Portage Township Trustee before being razed. At the end of 1925 the Board of Education saw the necessity of a new school to supplant the "second Madison School" building. After months of intensive study the Board decided that the old site and structure had become inadequate and was obsolete for the growing needs of the north side. The Board of Education hired planning expert, E. D. Cline, to provide recommendations. Following an exhaustive survey, he endorsed the following site: "three quarters of a block bounded by North Lafayette Boulevard on the west, West Foote street on the north, Main Street on the east and West Bartlett street on the south. Leeper Park is opposite to the site on the north and the west." On this site the Board agreed to build the new Madison School. Madison School was constructed of brick with stone trim and was completed late in 1929 at a cost of approximately $275,000.00. Initially the structure was to be used as a combination elementary and junior high school, designed to accommodate 840 students. It was intended to replace the old Madison and Foster schools and to relieve congestion at the Muessel School. The Board of Education decided that sufficient funds -were not available for such a large structure and only the elementary portion of the 3