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HomeMy WebLinkAbout01-25-16 PARCPARC COMMITTEE JANUARY 25, 2016 4:40 P.M. Committee Members Present: Randy Kelly, Dr. Dave Varner, Oliver Davis, John Voorde Other Council Present: Tim Scott, Karen White, Gavin Ferlic, Jo Broden Regina Williams- Preston, Others Present: Kathleen Cekanski - Farrand, Adriana Rodriguez, Alkeyna Aldridge, Joseph Molnar Agenda: Bill No. 01 -16- Approving the disposition of real property located at 26595 Auten Road ( Elbel Park) Randy Kelly, Chair of the PARC Committee, called the hearing to order with one bill scheduled for consideration. Due to the considerable amount of people from the public wanting to be at the meeting Chairperson Randy Kelly entertained a motion to recess the meeting and reconvene in the larger County Council Chambers. So moved by Council Member Oliver Davis and seconded by Councilmember John Voorde which carried by a voice vote of four (4) ayes. At 4:55 p.m, Chairperson Kelly reconvened the hearing in the County Council Chambers. Bill No. 01 -16- Approving the disposition of real property located at 26595 Auten Road ( Elbel Park) Brock Zeeb, Director of Economic Resources with offices on the 14" Floor of the County City Building, was the presenter for this bill. Mr. Zeeb reported that nationally and locally golf is declining and is rated as a top ten activity for ages only sixty five (65) years and older. Mr. Zeeb reported young golfers ages eighteen (18) to thirty (30) has declined by nearly thirty five (35) percent from 2004 -2013. City -wide, before the sale of Blackthorn, each city tax payers contributed about $170,000.00 a year in golf operations and faced a million plus dollars in capital investment needs for the courses. The subsidy per round was around $1.68 which is expected to increase. Elbel in the past five years has had around 25,000 rounds played while in the previous five years around 35,000 rounds had been played. The subsidy per round at Elbel is approximately $2.21 which excludes capital expense needs. Mr. Zeeb stated Elbel is approximately two (2) miles outside of the city limits and ten (10) miles from the city center. Future operational needs and future capital investments at Elbel is projected to increase the subsidy per round to $5.27 per round which is higher than Studebaker or Erskine golf courses. In 2010 the city generated $726,000.00 in revenues from Elbel and spent approximately $759,000.00 in expenses and $43,000.00 in capital expenses for a total loss of $76,000.00. In 2011 the total loss was $214,000.00. In 2012 the total loss was $ 292,000.00. In 2013 the total loss was $133,000.00. In 2014 as capital gains decreased the total loss was $21,000.00. In 2015 Elbel generated $608,000.00 and the expenses were $662,000.00. Mr. Zeeb reported the city invested very little in capital gains anticipating our ideas going forward. Mr. Zeeb gave examples of what types of city programing that the public has indicated they would like with the money from the sale of Elbel and the money saved yearly. These examples included youth swim lessons, healthy after school lunches for children, after school programs, teenage summer internships, family concerts, new golf pavilions at the other city -owned courses, resurfaced playgrounds, and reducing the cost of the basketball leagues. Mr. Zeeb stated those are some of the programs the city has been informed by the public they are interested in and could be partially funded by the sale of Elbel. Mr. Zeeb stated the goals of the disinvestment of golf at Elbel is to reduce the subsidy of golf that South Bend taxpayers currently pay. The Park Department has found that golf is a low priority of the community. With the sale, the city can reinvest tax dollars to other park programs located throughout the city and along the river as the community suggested in the Parks Master Plan. Mr. Zeeb went over some of the potential options regarding Elbel. The sale of Elbel as a golf course to a private investor would save tax payers dollars that could be reinvested elsewhere while preserving Elbel as a golf course for the community. The sale could generate approximately $750,000.00 to add to the general Parks Fund. The sale could be conditioned to protect the wetlands. Mr. Zeeb stated some of the potential concerns that they have heard from the public regarding the sale including the closure of Elbel as a golf course after the five -year term is up, limited access by non - golfers to Elbel, and the City could not reacquire the site after the sale if future generations were interested. Mr. Zeeb stated some of the potential solutions they have developed are to increase the period of restriction to golf from five (5) years to fifteen (15) or twenty (20) years, they can insert a first right of refusal in the sale to make sure a proper buyer is in place that is committed to protecting the wetlands, leasing the land to a private golf operator instead of selling the course, and donate areas northwest of the park to a land trust that could be open to the public. Mr. Zeeb then presented a map of the Elbel Golf Course and surrounding areas. He stated the city is working with a few environmental land trusts that are interested in about eleven (11) acres of wooded property. The City could immediately transfer that land to the land trust that have a focus on conversation. He stated the potential benefit of the lease option is that the city keeps control of the land, which was a concern of some in the public. The City could reinvest the annual golf subsidy of approximately $130,000.00 each year into some of those programs mentioned earlier. Council can help us look into where to appropriate that money during the budget process. 2 The cons of a lease is there is no reinvesting of the money received for the sale of the park and the City still owns land outside of the city limits. The City has tried to examine what the best path forward would be. The City suggests the best path forward would be a lease of the land after hearing from the public. In response to some suggestions by the public that the process has been condensed, Mr. Zeeb went through the process since its beginning in May of 2015. Mr. Zeeb apologized for the delay at the beginning of the meeting and for the technical issues, he would have liked to have a little more time to get into some more of the specifics of the sale and lease options. He stated the City wants to hear from the public, which is why the Council scheduled this meeting. Committee and Council members decided to wait on their questions to allow the public the first opportunity to speak and ask questions. Those wishing to speak in support of the bill: Kevin Patterson, 1720 Belmont Ave, stated he has been a taxpayer for thirty five (35) years and a golfer since 1980. He stated he doesn't want to see Elbel sold but he certainly doesn't want to see it turned into something other than a golf course. He read the thirty five (35) page presentation by the group in opposition to the sale and thinks they have a lot of good points. He stated that since Elbel is so close to breaking even, with a little work on the City's part Elbel could make money again. The only problem is it has not been budgeted properly or managed properly. He stated there has not been a lot of clarity on how expense and other money is allocated during the capital investments portion. He stated we have a good amount of nature preserves already and that Elbel run properly could be very well- attended and make money. He stated the past management of Elbel had people turned away from the course and it would be a sad day to see it as a nature preserve. He stated if the city can't maintain it sell it as a golf course but he thinks they could make the course profitable. Those wishing to speak in opposition to the bill: Kristi Haas, 3808 Clidesdale Dr. Apt. 3b South Bend, wanted to thank Mr. Zeeb for his desire to hear from the public. To follow up on Mr. Patterson's comment, it does seem a fee change could help this matter which is what the Park Board did approve last year. She stated no argument has been made that the sale of this park does not solve any budget issues. She introduced Elbel for Everyone who have come in large numbers who are insisting on a public and transparent process that draws on multiple fields of expertise and accounts for the varied public interests on what to do with Elbel Park. She stated she looks forward to hearing from everyone else today who are here for Elbel. She stated that Elbel for Everyone's ecological preservation helps the entire community and not just a small subset. She stated the public sees different kinds of value in Elbel that is not just monetary including ecological benefits, education, and the well documented mental and physical benefits green space provides to residents. 3 Paul Blaschko, 322 E. Colfax Ave Apt. 209, stated he was disappointed in the administration's presentation today. He stated he has a lot of hope for the City of South Bend and the Mayor's administration is one of the reasons he and his wife decided to live in South Bend, and he expected more at this meeting. He noted that Elbel Park is a park that happens to have a golf course on that property. Elbel is very important to this community and that needs to be respected by the City. He stated if there is a financial case for the city to no longer support a golf course at Elbel, there are many other options that the city could look into and they have not been presented or adequately researched by the city. He stated Elbel being outside of the city limits is an asset, not a drawback of the park. He stated fifty -six (56) of the one - hundred (100) biggest cities in the U.S. have parks outside of their city limits. He stated people want to live in cities that invest in park properties and get outside of the city and make their children good stewards of our natural resources. He stated it is ridiculous to state Elbel has been losing money as a golf course and all that money has gone into golf operations, he stated there was no clarity in the numbers provided today and they are unclear. He stated there is no information to make a well thought out decision and that he is disappointed in the administration and that the administration is not taking the lead and that they are not being consistent with their own vision. Chairperson Randy Kelly wanted to make it known to the Council members not on the PARC Committee that the bill as written is for the sale of Elbel even though the administration did bring up the lease idea. Laura Fuderer, 18485 Garwood Court South Bend, is the conservation chair of the Audubon Society of South Bend and Elkhart. Their chapter has a membership of seven - hundred to eight - hundred people, and their board of directors has opposed this sale. They support the park staying as is but would prefer it being transferred into a nature preserve. They believe the sale should be delayed to explore better alternatives. She gave examples of multiple unique species of marsh birds, such as the Sora, Moorhen and Sand Hill Cranes among many others that have been found at Elbel. She provided multiple pictures of the birds who are found at Elbel. She stated Elbel is home to an endangered species the Blandings Turtle and a professional botanist found three endangered plants. Since no official environmental study has ever been done at Elbel she highly urges those matters are examined before any sale moves forward. She asked for the sake of future generations and the sake of precious wildlife please delay this sale and explore other options. S. J. Szabo, Offices on Mishawaka Ave, stated Elbel is much more than a golf course. The property is an ecological asset, it is the responsibility and duty to future generations to preserve this land. He stated the sale of the park would deprive future generations of an invaluable regional asset. There are no terms of sale that can or will protect the park for the benefit of the public. He stated if the community would lose control there is nothing the public can do to protect the lands regardless of anything the administration says. He stated you cannot have a housing development next to a conservation area, it will not work. He asked the Council to stop this sale immediately so that the PARC Committee can consider and deliberate the best course in the future for Elbel and the best interest of the public. He stated this Council needs to use their wisdom to slow down the administration and not heed to their artificial deadlines. 4 Mark Pirsecki, 101 N. Conostone Ln, opposes the sale of Elbel Golf Course. He stated that Elbel can be a golf course and a nature preserve. He stated Elbel should emphasize its scenic nature and also adopt eco- friendly golf practices. He stated Elbel could partner with various different groups to help preserve its natural wonder. He stated it could be one of the few courses in Indiana that partner with Audubon societies. He thinks public access should be more open so that everyone can enjoy the natural wonders of the course. He believed more programs by the City could expand the use of the course and increase the numbers of golfers with little financial investments by the City. He stated in 2005 Gavin Ferlic wrote an article in the South Bend Tribune extolling the virtue of Elbel Golf Course for the South Bend Community. Jen Betz, 511 S. St. Joseph St, she stated this bill should voted down and a commission should be established analyzing what to do in regards to Elbel. She stated that she and twenty other individuals were granted permission to be on the official agenda of the September 21 st 2015 Park Board Meeting expressing their concerns about the possible sale of Elbel and at the time presented a rough draft of their white paper arguing against the sale as it is against the Parks Board Master Plan, has no respect for ecology, and is not beneficial to the public as it sells a quarter of the city's park land. On Friday, Jeri Betz stated, when they finally received the Park Board minutes there was no mention of their group Elbel for Everyone or any mention of them being present, being on the agenda or of the white paper being presented. She stated they thought the Park Board had trampled on the spirit of public access, transparency, and this error seems far too convenient to be coincidental. She stated they do not believe this has been an open or transparent process and they are appealing to the Common Council because they believe the Council wants what is best for the City. She stated this is not just about Elbel but to put in place the Park Board Master Plan it will cost 25 million dollars, but that it is about a cohesive coherent plan. She is asking they vote no and please put in place a commission to look into this issue. Steve Sass, 27910 U.S. Highway 20 New Carlisle, stated he is the president of the Northern Chapter of the Indiana Native Plant and Wildflower Society. He expressed concerns about the future of Elbel Park and boarding Mud Lake. Even without being thoroughly studied, Mud Lake has been known to house four rare or endangered plants and the Blanding Turtle which is under consideration for federal protection. He stated the surrounding area is also home to many unique birds that were mentioned earlier as well as a stopping area for many birds on their migratory flights during the spring and fall seasons. The Northern Chapter of the Indiana Native Plant and Wildflower Society believes Mud Lake is worthy of protecting. They believe the best options for Elbel Park is for it to be turned over to Land Trust that can competently take care of the land not only for Mud Lake but for Elbel Park as well. Elbel is unique as the disturbance of the golf course was limited in its scope and with proper stewards the park could be a wonderfully preserved area. St. Joseph County has very few natural areas left that are examples of the True Indiana, he stated the True Indiana can hardly be found in our area and Mud Lake is one of those rare examples. This True Indiana is what existed before European settlement of the area and sadly many today know little about what Indiana once looked like. He stated he can not ask those who came before him to halt their destruction of True Indiana, but he can ask the Council to forgo selling Elbel Park to any private entity not dedicated to preservation so that it can be appreciated not just by us here today but by future generations as well. Shayla Blaschko, 322 E Coflax, stated a few years ago in Milwaukee a group of residents came forward with a plan to reinvigorate and preserve their parks. The fruits of that labor became the Urban Ecology Center, a hub of nature education and conservation. She stated the time has come for South Bend to energize our local parks and learn from our neighbors up north and begin the process of enforcing and educating our residents on the benefits of nature. She asked why we cannot start with Elbel in realizing this goal. She stated she is a teacher at Muessel Primary Center and for five years was a program director for a summer camp in Minnesota. During her time in these roles she has seen children grow in responsibility, in stewardship, increase their problem solving skills, and learn to enjoy healthy recreation activities. She stated research has shown access to parks has shown children have better grades, less drug use, and profound mental and physical health benefits. She requested that the Common Council should share her vision for what parks can become in South Bend. Margaret Pfeil, 511 S. St. Joseph St., she opposed this bill and asks that the Council appoint a commission to study this issue. She stated she has concerns in two areas regarding this process. The first is procedural, the manner in which this was rushed considering this is a quarter of the city's park land. She asked what is the rush of this sale even to the extent of leaving people out of the minutes. She stated this needs to be addressed as a meta issue in our community and a structural solution needs to be found. Secondly, she expressed concern that we cannot survive without the goods of creation. She stated we are designed to function with eco system integrity. She stated humans are designed to work with, not against, creation. She stated we do not have to trade off social goods, like splash pads in the city, with natural goods that we might find at Elbel. She stated we cannot pit inner city kids against preservation of nature. She stated she is really enjoying the conversation today and once again asked for the Council to institute a commission to study this issue. Ricky Klee, 2010 Hollwood Place South Bend, stated that the very first goal of the Master Plan is in fact "Preserve" not "Maintain ". He stated preserve is not French for sell. He stated at a meeting on April 22 a land trust had expressed interest in partnering with the city to preserve Elbel and the city had absolutely no interest in partnering with a land trust. He stated that when the administration says there is no path to partnering with a land trust that it is because the administration has not pursued that option. He stated that path has not been developed because the city is so focused on the sale of Elbel. He stated the Master Plan is so important because it was developed with huge input from the residents of South Bend and in that Master Plan there is clear evidence that the city wants more trail use, hiking areas, and other walking trails. He stated double the number of golfers use hiking trails than golfers use golf courses. In that Master Plan residents put a high priority on those types of walking and biking trails. He stated if the administration wants to adhere to the Parks Master Plan it should evaluate the loss of Elbel in that light as well. Andrew Tucker, 127 S. 34th St. South Bend, stated that the city has acknowledged a priority to maintain our environmental resources in this city. He stated the timeline that was presented by the administration has no real consideration of the environmental impact, there has been no study whatsoever about the impact that a sale could have on the natural species at Elbel. He stated the language as is currently in the ordinance contains no reference to any provision for ecological integrity. He stated once we lose public ownership of this site we lose all recourse to maintain Ci and preserve the ecological integrity at Elbel. He is asking the Council to consider that level of due diligence and form a commission which would include the voice of preservationists. He asks the administration to protect our natural heritage because no amount of economic progress can make up for this loss. He stated Indiana has lost 85% of its wetland habitat and ranks fourth in percentage of wetlands lost in the U.S. He asked that the city not add to those statistics by selling Elbel Park. He stated all residents need the city to protect public access to Elbel and connect residents with our surroundings which strengthens our ties which bind us to our city. Chris Cobb, 215 E Pokagon St 46617, stated he wanted to thank the Council for the opportunity to hear all this information and ideas. These ideas would not have been known if you had not decided to hold this meeting. He stated it was not in the design of the process to learn all of these ideas and learn this valuable information. He stated whatever new offers are set forth, nothing substantial should go forward without a commission being established because there is much we do not know about Elbel. He stated we love this city and we do not want this city to be diminished by the loss of a property like Elbel. He stated responding to the lease idea, while though it would be compatible with the idea Elbel should not be sold, it continues the pattern of keeping the city outside of the property. He stated there are people here who want to better Elbel and a lease would not make that possible. The proposed nature preserve to be split off does not include all of Mud Lake. He stated we have so many questions about this issue and we always get a different answer. He stated we have yet to get coherence from the city. Ted Krudgen, 1301 Hampshire Dr, stated he is not with any group. He stated he has lived here since 1970 and has learned to love this area. He stated he kayaks, camps, and hikes all the time. He stated we have so much nature to see in our community and when he stated he learned of this possible sale it almost made him sick. The price of sale is ridiculous. Elbel is priceless and that sale would be a pittance of what it is worth. He stated you could simply raise the rates by three dollars and there would be the solution to the budgeting issues. Macia Kizer, Andrea Ct. Mishawaka In, stated she is the president of the Women's 18 hole league at Elbel Golf Course. She stated Elbel is so special because her group includes women from so many other leagues who joined because of the beauty of the Elbel Course. She also stated the price of the sale was ridiculous. She asked who is going to be the person to tell all the members of the elven golf leagues, south bend high school golf teams, and all the other patrons who use Elbel that they can no longer golf. She stated Elbel provides amenities Erskine does not provide such as a better driving range and more parking. She stated her league has increased by 27% since last year. Golf courses have suffered because of the recession and over the last twelve years Elbel has made over $200,000.00. Golf is starting so soon and it is obvious to her that Elbel needs to remain a golf course in perpetuity. She stated it would be sad to see South Bend only have one 18 hole golf courses. David Lindholm, 56330 Peppermint Rd South Bend, he stated Elbel is really a jewel that needs to be preserved and not sold to a private enterprise. He stated when he moved to South Bend in the 1960s he used to drive out into the country by Grape Rd. and now it is unrecognizable, he does not want to see Elbel become something like Grape Rd. is today. 7 Judith Rubleske, 500 S. Mead South Bend, she stated she was born and raised here and is so glad she moved back. She stated she is the founding president and garden leader of Kankakee Wetlands Preservation Group. She stated she agrees with all the opponents who have spoken and she stated she does not want our children to grow up in an area not connected to nature. She stated her neighborhood used to be part of the Kankakee Wetlands and that all wetlands need to be available. The city should collaborate with the South Bend Schools and not just the science groups coming out to nature areas, but every child that attends our schools come out to our natural areas multiple times. She stated this will remind them through all their senses that they are of the earth. Sally Derengoski, 1788 Amber Wood Ln South Bend, stated she is a golfer and also comes to the Council with a background in golf management. She consulted on the new Warren Course and has served on national golf foundations. She stated when she looks at the numbers they do not compute. She stated the national golf foundation, which is taken as the last word on golf round numbers, in 2015 approximately 25 million golfers nationwide that is the same number of pre Tiger Woods in 1995. She stated the numbers might look down over the past ten years but looking at the longer perspective golf still has a very large number of people. She stated she thinks golf has a bright future. She stated Elbel is a gem in the community and to have two terrific 18 hole golf courses is really special and makes us a little bit unique compared to other communities our size. She does think we are not marketing those courses very well and that is the issue. Jan Mcgowan, 17525 Auten Rd. Granger, she stated don't let her Granger address fool you. She stated South Bend is her city, it is where her children went to school and where she works, and it is a huge priority for the city to have this wonderful open space and ecological area. She stated these spaces are imperiled everywhere and we have to protect them. Development represents a final permanent loss for all the city's residents. She stated any decision which inhibits the quality of parks must never be made in haste. She stated a commission is needed to study Elbel's future. Rich Walling, 5733 York Rd South Bend, he stated he is here to represent the over 65 golfers. He stated unfortunately many of them are not here because they are down in Florida. He stated more people his age golf because they simply have more time. The seniors are not using the water parks, or the swing sets or basketball course but many are playing golf, and he would hate to see the city lose Elbel. In August a group of about 40 golfers met and talked about some of the issues going forward and what came out of that meeting is they would be willing to help fray the cost and expenses of Elbel by increasing the fees. However since then they have not been able to get anywhere. He stated the rates for next year have not been increased and in fact the all - inclusive pass went from 1600 a year to 1300 a year. A lot of people use that pass because it is a great pass. The numbers have been reduced not increased. The loss of high salary people has already made a dent in the losses at Elbel. He stated it looks like Elbel is on track to break even this year. He asked the Council not to be hasty and sell Elbel. Jeff Botich, 11363 Nicole Dr Granger, stated everyone says golf is declining but Golf Magazine disagrees. He stated the municipal courses are up 30 %. He would be happy to pay additional money to keep Elbel open. He stated the city should try to do more to get families and younger people involved in golf because they are doing nothing right now. He stated junior golf leagues 0 are growing all over the country and there are statistics to back that up. South Bend has done nothing for the kids who want to learn golf. There has been no better time to be a girl and trying to play golf right now and is more accessible than ever. He stated lets make the course accessible to everyone and if you have to raise the rates do that then. He asked why the Mayor had his golf outing for his campaign at Blackthorn Golf Course and not at a city owned golf course. Greg Forbes, 502 Jackson St. Lakeville IN, he stated he has played at Elbel for seventeen (17) years. He stated Elbel is a superior course to Erskine. He gave examples that Elbel is quieter, has more natural diversity, and a general better atmosphere. All the wildlife is a unique experience on a golf course. He stated he always buys from the concessions and buys golf clubs and balls and general merchandise to keep his money in the community. He stated he is a member of five (5) golfing groups who all do the same as him. He stated the family environment that course considers is very unique and should not be sold off. Edwin Rosado, 26445 Whippoorwill Dr. Warren Township, stated he is saddened by the news that South Bend would sell Elbel. He stated he came into this area to raise grandkids and maybe great grandkids in this great community. He stated he is the tennis coach at Washington High School and continues to participate in events that promote families and the growth of what this community should be about. He stated Elbel helps to bring this community together and its loss would be to further the concrete jungle that plagues this community. He stated we have to think about twenty years from now. Elbel is a treasure and glimpse of what it was maybe a thousand years ago. He stated Mud Lake is a beautiful area year- round, and people fish and walk and ride their bikes around the lake and do the things the city wants its residents to do. He questions the administration's stance that there is no clear path to fix this problem. Mike Griffin, 704 California South Bend, he stated he is proud of this city and in many ways this administration. He stated this moment of great change is very fragile right now. He asked that the city stop using the argument that pits urban programs against nature parks and kids against ecology. He stated splash pads and parks are not in competition. It's not golf vs. nature. He questioned if today's turnout means that Elbel is more on the map than it has ever been in the consciousness of South Bend. He stated what is possible now after this movement is greater than what it was before this whole process came about. If the Council is not swayed by ecology or public access how about politics. He said this city has a big public relations problem on its hand as the city wants to be behind the right kind of movement which Elbel for Everyone represents. The potential is a lot of this energy could really turn and that would be highly unfortunate. He stated this Council should vote no and form a commission to investigate this issue. Dr. Varner stated we should establish a date for the next meeting where the administration can respond. Chairperson Randy Kelly said Mr. Zeeb could have a few moments to respond. Mr. Zeeb thanked everyone for their input and stated he thinks everyone is looking for the best way forward for Elbel. He stated they would like to still hear Council comments and they can be collected under Randy Kelly and they can answer those questions at the next meeting. Chairperson Randy Kelly announced there is a Park Board meeting on February 11th to look at this issue as well. Oliver Davis suggested the date of February 1St as the next meeting of the PARC Committee at Pinhook at 5:30 p.m. James Mueller stated by the night meeting of the Council they will confirm the time works for the administration. There being no further business before the Committee, Chairperson Randy Kelly adjourned the meeting at 6:26 p.m. Respectfully Submitted, Randy K ly, Ch irperson 10 sit _ Xi * `t . =r-- 4a- IV o r Voltz Ir vi" 1 � a'Y•� 'f :'a,�i •rl,' Ir'f .. �.:• " - .F .,ice ��•-t� \- . ,. k u '7 JA U .U) U) 4-- O .� 3: O _ CM O -0 O O _0 Q Q� O � O c � Q (n O O C: O O O cn O 0- U V L N co U-) CO V O O :2-0 U O U U Q U U) O 7 O O U > U LL Q 0 N U O � Q a- ;-' N bn C: Q) U Ln L — Q) �' N U 41 L Q Ln (B Q v D a N v N U M Q O> v A - N v N N >` L v O p v ru +� 73 ate+ u Q p U 4) QJ x OL U L o L v 00 � Q) Ln L v p a) O r0 v _ > N L 1 �O .— p p p in Q N O- � � Q v `� V. 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