HomeMy WebLinkAboutAmend Chapter 13, addition of New Article 2 Entitled Panhandling and Solicitation RegulationsORDINANCE No.
Passed by the Common Council of the Ciry of South Bend, Indiana
November 26, 01
20
Attest:
Attest:
Presented by me to the Mayor of the Ciry of South Bend, Indiana
NnvPmhPr ~7, 20 01
Ciry Clerk
President of Common Council
City Clerk
Approved and signed by me November 27, 20 01
Mayor
Ordinance No. _12 ~ 1 ~d
AN ORDINANCE OF THE COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA,
AMENDING CHAPTER 13 OF THE SOUTH BEND MUNICIPAL CODE BY THE ADDITION OF
NEW ARTICLE 2 ENTITLED PANHANDLING AND SOLICITATION REGULATIONS
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND INTENT
The Common Council of the City of South Bend, Indiana, acknowledges that residents and
visitors to certain areas in our city have been and are being confronted by persons or
panhandlers soliciting money or other objects of value (collectively "Panhandlers"). Many
Panhandlers go about their business in a passive manner; however, others act in an aggressive
manner by such conduct as making loud and repeated demands or persistently following a
pedestrian after a solicitation has been denied.
The Council further acknowledges that some Panhandlers solicit in places that are
especially intimidating such as on city sidewalks, in alleys, near automated teller machines, at
traffic intersections; and make repeated demands for money. The solicitation of people in places
where they area "captive audience" in which it is impossible or difficult for them to exercise their
own right to decline to listen to, or to avoid solicitation from, others. Restricting solicitation in
such places would provide a balance between the rights of Panhandlers and the rights of
persons who wish to decline or avoid such solicitations. Furthermore, it would help avoid, or
diminish the threat of, violence in such unwarranted and unavoidable confrontations.
The aggressive conduct described above has detrimental effects on the economic and
social functions of the sidewalks, intersections and other pubic places; and confrontation by
such aggressive Panhandlers has placed members of the public at risk. Hence, the Council
finds that aggressive panhandling has become significantly disturbing and disruptive to citizens
and businesses. It has contributed not only to the loss of cit¢ens' access to and enjoyment of
public places but also to the creation of a sense of fear, intimidation, and disorder.
Numerous complaints about Panhandlers in the South Bend's Central Business and
Entertainment Area have been made to the South Bend Police Department, the South Bend
Downtown Partnership, Center City Associates, the Mayor, the Common Council, and other
agencies and officials of the City of South Bend. Hence, the Council finds that solicitation and
panhandling in the Central Business and Entertainment Area has become significantly
disturbing and disruptive to citizens and businesses. It has contributed to a sense of fear,
intimidation, and disorder that causes many residents and visitors to avoid the area and, thus,
negatively affects the conduct of trade by businesses and the enjoyment of public places by
citizens.
The Common Council believes that the complaints raised about the ongoing confrontations
between Panhandlers and citizens in our City raise legitimate concerns for the safety,
protection, and sense of security of people using public forums. It is, therefore, the intent of the
Council in enacting this ordinance to improve the quality of life and economic vitality of the City.
It is the further intent of the Council in enacting this ordinance to protect the safety of the
general public against certain intimidating or abusive conduct of Panhandlers by imposing
reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions on solicitation while respecting the
constitutional rights of free speech of all citizens. Provisions of this ordinance would also help
provide a safe and orderly environment where social, business, recreational, and cultural
opportunities can be maximized while eliminating the secondary effects of such nuisance
activities that negatively affect such social and economic interaction in the Central Business and
Entertainment Area.
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Panhandling Md Solicitation Regulations Ordinance
Page 2
This ordinance is timely and appropriate because the current City ordinances are insufficient
to address the aforementioned problems. The recommended restrictions are neither overbroad
nor vague and are narrowly tailored to serve significant governmental interests. The Council
believes that this ordinance would help protect residents and visitors to our community from the
fear and intimidation that accompany a certain type of solicitation, which due to its aggressive
manner has become unwelcome, overwhelming, coercing, intimidating, and harassing to those
approached. Hence, the Council believes that the enactment of this ordinance would be in the
best interests of the City.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the Common Council of the City of South Bend,
Indiana, as follows:
Section I. Chapter 13 of the South Bend Municipal Code is hereby amended by the addition of
new Article 2 entitled "Panhandling and Solicitation Regulations" which shall read in its entirety
as follows:
Article 2. Panhandling and Solicitation Regulations.
Sec. 13-24 Legislative Findings.
(a) The South Bend Common Council finds that there is a need to impose reasonable
panhandling and solicitation regulations. Such regulations will improve the quality of life
and economic vitality of the city, protect the safety of the general public against certain
intimidating and abusive conduct of Panhandlers, while respecting the constitutional
rights of free speech for all citizens.
(b) The Council further finds that the City should provide a safe and orderly environment
where social, business, recreational and cultural opportunities can be maximized while
eliminating the secondary effects of nuisance activities that negatively affect such types
of interactions in the Central Business and Entertainment Area of the city.
(c) The Common Council finds that an increase in aggressive solicitation has become
increasingly disturbing and disruptive to residents and visitors to the city, and has
directly contributed to the loss of access to and enjoyment of certain public places and
has engendered a sense of fear, intimidation, and disorder.
(d) The Common Council therefore declares that the following panhandling and solicitation
regulations are promulgated pursuant to the "Home Rule" powers vested in the City
pursuant to Indiana Code § 36-1-3-1, et seq. which grants among other powers, all
powers which are needed for the effective operation of govemment as to local affairs
and authorizes the enactment or ordinances which protect the health, safety and welfare
of its residents and which would preserve the peace, order and safety of its community;
Indiana Code § 36-1~L-11 and Indiana Code § 36-46-12, et seq. which permit cities to
pass and enforce ordinances; and Indiana Code § 36-1-4-6 which authorizes cities to
use, improve and protect its interests in property.
(e) The South Bend Common Council finds that the panhandling and solicitation regulations
provided in this ordinance are intended to be content-neutral, narrowly tailored to serve
significant govemment interests, and would permit ample alternative channels of
communication.
~ The South Bend Common Counal believes that all regulations set forth in this ordinance are consistent with the
constitutional criteria established by the United States Supreme Court in Peny Edugfion Assodation v. Perry Local
Educators' Assoaation, 460 U.S. 37, 45103 S.Ct. 948, 74 L Ed. 2d 794 (1993).
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Panhandling And Solicitation Regulations Ordinance
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Sec. 13-25 Definitions.
For purposes of this Article, unless the context otherwise requires, a term that begins with
an upper case letter has the meaning assigned in the sentence in which it appears within
quotation marks; and the following words and phrases shall have the meanings set forth below.
The singular includes the plural and vice versa as indicated by the context. "Including", "such
as", and similar terms, when used as part of a phrase containing one or more specific items, are
to be interpreted as being used by way of example and not of limitation.
(a) "Aggressive Manner" means:
(1) Approaching or speaking to a person, or following a person before, during or after
soliciting if that conduct is intended or is likely to cause a reasonable person to fear
bodily harm to oneself or to another, or damage to or loss of property, or otherwise
be intimidated into giving money or other object of value;
(2) Continuing to solicit from a person after the person has given a negative response to
such soliciting;
(3) Intentionally touching or causing physical contact with another person or an occupied
vehicle without that person's consent in the course of soliciting;
(4) Intentionally blocking or interfering with the safe or free passage of a pedestrian or
vehicle by any means, including unreasonably causing a pedestrian or vehicle
operator to take evasive action to avoid physical contact in the course of soliciting;
(5) Using violent or threatening gestures toward a person solicited either before, during
or after soliciting;
(6) Persisting in following or approaching the person being solicited with the intent of
asking that person for money or other object of value after the person solicited has
informed the solicitor by words or conduct that such person does not want to be
solicited or does not want to give money or any other thing of value to the solicitor;
(7) Using profane, offensive or abusive language, or speaking in a volume unreasonably
loud which is inherently likely to provoke an immediate violent reaction, either before,
during or after soliciting; or
(8) Soliciting money from anyone who is waiting in line for entry to a building or for
another purpose.
(b) "Automated Teller Machine (ATM)" means any electronic information-processing device
that accepts or dispenses cash in connection with a credit, deposit, or convenience
account.
(c) "Central Business and Entertainment Area (CBEA)" means the area located within the
City of South Bend as designated on the map in Exhibit A-1 and as set forth by legal
description in Exhibit A-2 which are attached hereto and included herein by reference,
and are on file in the Office of the City Clerk and are available for public inspection
during regular business hours.
(d) "Panhandler" means a person conducting Solicitation (as defined below) for money or
other objects of value. However, for the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby expressly
provided that "Panhandler" does not mean a person who is a "Licensee" conducting
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Panhandling And Solicitation Regulations Ordinance
Page 4
permissible Solicitation as set forth in Section 13-26(a)(2) and Section 13-26(a)(3)
below.
(e) "Public place" means an area to which the public or a substantial group of persons has
access, including any street, highway, alley, sidewalk, parking lot, plaza, transportation
facility, library, school, place of entertainment, park, playground, bridge, and any
doorway, entrance, lobby to such buildings enclosing them.
(f) "Soliciting" and "Solicitation" mean using the spoken, written, or printed word, or bodily
gestures, signs or other means with the purpose of obtaining immediate donation of
money or other thing of value or soliciting the sale of goods or services. Solicitation
includes "begging", "panhandling", and any derivations of these terms.2
Sec. 13-26 Prohibited Acts.
(a) In light of the City's duty to provide residents and visitors to the downtown of the city with
a safe environment where social, business, cultural, and recreational opportunities can
be maximized while eliminating nuisance activities which negatively affect such
interactions, the following regulation shall be in full force and effect:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in Section 13-26(a)(2) and Section 13-26(a)(3) below,
Solicitation is prohibited in the Central Business and Entertainment Area (CBEA).
(2) Solicitation of immediate donation of money or other thing of value or the sale of
goods or services that (i) is performed by a person who is a "Licensee" (as defined in
Section 4-2(c) of this Code) under Section 455, Charitable Solicitations, and
(ii) consists of actions permissible under the regulations set forth in Section 4-55,
Charitable Solicitations, and (iii) is fully compliant with the provisions of Section 13-
26(b), shall be excluded from the prohibition .set forth in Section 13-26(a)(1) above.
(3) Solicitation of the sale of goods or services that (i) is performed by a person who is a
"Licensee" (as defined in Section 4-2(c) of this Code) under one or more of the
Sections of this Code listed below, and (ii) consists of actions permissible under the
regulations set forth therein, and (iii) is fully compliant with the provisions of Section
13-26(b), shall be excluded from the prohibition set forth in Section 13-26(a)(1)
above:
a. Section 4-25: Food Vending Vehicles,
b. Section 4-43: Peddlers and Canvassers,
c. Section 4-60: Transient Merchants.
(b) Because solicitation in an aggressive manner creates a reckless interference with
pedestrians and vehicular traffic in public places, the following regulations shall be in full
force and effect:3
(1) Solicitation in an Aggressive Manner is prohibited in any Public Place.
~ It is the intent of the South Bend Common Counal that the terms "soliatation, begging and panhandling" be
considered interchangeable terms with "soliatation" encompassing all three terms and any derivations thereof, similar
to the interpretation given to such terms in Smith v. City of Fort Lauderdale, Florida (11th Cir. 1999) No. 98-4973
decided June 2,1999.
3 !t is the intent of the South Bend Common Counal that only soliating in an aggressive manner which constitutes a
reckless interference with pedestrian and vehicular traffic be prohibited by this provision, consistent with the findings
in Greater Cincinnati Coalition for the Homeless and Charles Gooden v. City, of Cincnnati (6th Cir.) 1995 FED App.
0173P. Deaded June 7, 1995
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Panhandling And Solicitation Regulations Ordinance
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(2) Solicitation in an Aggressive Manner is prohibited within twenty (20) feet of any
Automated Teller Machine (ATM).
(3) Solicitation in an Aggressive Manner is prohibited within twenty (20) feet of any pay
telephone.
(4) Solicitation in an Aggressive Manner from an operator or occupant of a motor vehicle
located in any Public Place is prohibited.
See. 13-27 Penalties.
(a) An officer of the South Bend Police Department may issue a City Of South Bend
Ordinance Violation Citation ("Citation") to a person who violates this Article.
(b) The first such Citation issued to an individual under the provisions of this ordinance shall
impose a fine of fifty dollars ($50.00).
(c) Each subsequent Citation issued to an individual under the provisions of this ordinance
shall impose a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100.00) and not more than two
thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500.00).
(d) Each violation of this Article shall be deemed a separate offense.
Section I1. If any part, section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this ordinance is for
any reason declared to be unconstitutional or otherwise invalid, such decision shall not affect
the validity of the remaining portions of the ordinance.
Section Ill. This ordinance shall be in fu11 force and effect from and after its passage by the
Common Council, approval by the Mayor and legal publication.
Q
Charlotte Pfeifer
Member of the Common Counal
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TO THE COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SOUTH BEND:
Your Committee of the Whole, to whom was referred:
BILL NO.
108-01 AN ORDINANCE OF THE COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, AMENDING CHAPTER 13 OF THE SOUTH
BEND MUNICIPAL CODE BY THE ADDITIONS OF NEW ARTICLE 2
ENTITLED PANHANDLING AND SOLICITATION REGULATIONS
Respectfully report that they have examined the matter and that in their opinion, this bill is
being recommended to the full Council with a favorable recommendation as substituted as
follows:
1. -Wording refinements made in response to advice from our Council Attorney and the
City Attorney.
2. -Replacement of all occurrences of the term "Central Business District" with "Central
Business and Entertainment Area" in order to avoid confusion with the definition of
"Central business District" elsewhere in the Code which refers to a different area.
3. -Replacement of the map in Exhibit A-1 and the legal description in Exhibit A-2 with a
new map and legal description that more precisely depict what the ordinance now refers to
as the "Central Business and Entertainment Area".
Andrew Udjak
Chairperson, Committee of the Whole
Panhandling Md Solicitation Regulations Ordinance
Page 7
EXHIBIT A - 2
CENTRAL BUSINESS AND ENTERTAINMENT AREA BOUNDARY
Beginning at the intersection of the east right-of-way line of Michigan Street and the
south right-of-way line of South Street; thence west along the south right-of-way line of
South Street to its intersection with the west right-of-way line of Taylor Street; thence
north along the west right-of-way line of Taylor Street to its intersection with the north
right-of-way line of Western Avenue; thence east along the north right-of-way line of
Westem Avenue to its intersection with the west right-of-way line of Main Street; thence
north along the west right-of-way line of Main Street to its intersection with the south
right-of-way line of Jefferson Boulevard; thence west along the south right-of-way line of
Jefferson Boulevard to its intersection with the west right-of-way line of Lafayette
Boulevard; thence north along the west right-0f--way line of Lafayette Boulevard to its
intersection with the north right-of-way line of LaSalle Avenue; thence east along the
north right-of-way line of LaSalle Avenue to its intersection with the east right-of-way line
of Niles Avenue; thence south along the east right-of-way line of Niles Avenue to its
intersection with north right-of-way line of Jefferson Boulevard; thence east along the
north right-of-way line of Jefferson Boulevard to its intersection with the east right-of-way
line of St. Louis Boulevard; thence south along the east right-of-way line of St. Louis
Boulevard to its intersection with the south right-of-way line of Northside Boulevard;
thence south along the projected east right-of--way line of St. Louis Boulevard to its
intersection with the east right-of-way line of Edgewater Drive; thence west and
southwest along the east and southeast right-of-way line of Edgewater Drive to its
intersection with the south and southeast right-of-way line of Lincolnway East; thence
north and northwest along the south and southeast right-of-way line of Lincolnway East
to its intersection with the south right-of-way line of Monroe Street; thence west along
the south right-of-way line of Monroe Street to its intersection with the east right-of-way
line of Michigan Street; thence south along the east right-of-way fine of Michigan Street
to the point of beginning.
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