HomeMy WebLinkAbout09-29-77 Council Meeting MinutesREGULAR MEETING (CONTINUED) SEPTEMBER 29, 1977
Be it remembered that the regular meeting of the Common Council of the city of South Bend re-
convened in the Council Chambers on the fourth floor of the County -City Building at 4:06 p.m.,
Council Parent presiding. The Pledge to the Flag was given.
ROLL CALL PRESENT: Council Members Serge, Szymkowiak, Miller, Taylor, Adams,
Horvath and Parent
ABSENT: Council Members Kopczynski and Dombrowski
RESOLUTION NO. 583 -77 A RESOLUTION OF THE COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SOUTH
BEND SUPPORTING THE COMMITMENT OF PUBLIC SECTOR RESOURCES
TO THE CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT AND REVITALIZATION OF SOUTH
BEND'S CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT.
WHEREAS, the City of South Bend has embarked upon the development and revitalization of the
South Bend Central Business District; and
WHEREAS, the continued development and revitalization of South Bend's Central Business
District is important to the quality of life of the total community and would be advantageous
to the future growth and development of the City of South Bend; and
WHEREAS, during the development and revitalization of the South Bend Central Business
District, it would be necessary for the public sector to participate by providing services and
facilities; and
WHEREAS, the Common Council of the City of South Bend is interested in promoting developmen
of the Central Business District,
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA:
SECTION I. That the Common Council of the City of %uth Bend will appropriate sufficient
funds from its Community Development Block Grant Entitlement for Program Year 1978, to financial
"close -out" Urban Renewal Project R -66 by August 31, 1978, but in no event shall such.appropriat
exceed forty (40) percent of such grant.
SECTION II. That the Common Council of the City of South Bend will, as part of the "close -ot
procedure, appropriate sufficient funds from General Revenue Sharing to pay the outstanding re-
location claim for costs incurred in relocating Indiana Bell Telephone property within the Urban
Renewal Project R -.66.
SECTION III. That the Common Council of the City of South Bend will appropriate funds for
any cost overrruns for public sector improvements undertaken in conjunction with the development
of Century Mall from Community Development Block Grant funds, provided that in no case shall the
allocation of Community Development funds exceed forty (40) percent of each Program Year Entitle-
ment.
SECTION IV. That the Common Council of the City of South Bend recognizes and acknowledges
that no further financial assistance, other than previously committed Project R -66 funds and
Urgent Needs Grant funds, will be available to the City of South Bend from the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development for public sector costs associated with the Century Mall projeci
SECTION V. This Resolution shall be in full force and effect immediately upon its passage
by the Common Council of the City of South Bend, Indiana.
RESOLUTION NO. 584 -77
/s /Mary Christine Adams
A RESOLUTION OF THE COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, SUPPORTING THE COMMITMENT OF
PUBLIC SECTOR RESOURCES TO THE CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT
AND REVITALIZATION OF THE SOUTH BEND CENTRAL BUSINES
DISTRICT.
WHEREAS, the City of South Bend has embarked upon the development and revitalization of the
South Bend Central Business District; and
WHEREAS, the contin
District is important to
to the future growth and
WHEREAS, during the
it will be necessary for
and
aed development and revitalization of South Bend's Central Business
the quality of life of the total community and would be advantageous
development of the City of South Bend; and
development and revitalization of the South Bend Business District,
the public sector to participate by providing services and facilities;
WHEREAS, the Common Council of the City of South Bend is interested in promoting develop-
ment of the Central Business District,
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA:
SECTION I. That the Common Council of the City of South Bend supports and is in favor
of securing Federal funds through grant applications submitted to the United States Department
of Transportation (Urban Mass Transit Administration) and the United States Department of Com-
merce (Economic Development Administration) for the purpose of providing public parking of at
least seven hundred (700) spaces and transit facilities to support commercial and retail develop
ment and revitalization of South Bend's Central Business District.
m
SECTION II. That the Common Council of the City of South Bend supports and is in favor of
committing local public sector resources, in the form of Civil City bonding funds, or other sour s,
to provide public parking facilities containing at least seven hundred (700) spaces in the event
the City of South Bend is unable to secure Federal funds from the Economic Development Administra 'on
and the Urban Mass Transit Administration.
SECTION III. This Resolution shall be in full force and effect immediately upon passage by
the Common Council of the City of South Bend, Indiana.
/s /Mary Christine Adams
Member of the Common Council
• gosdur? xpq TU404
aqg u? pagsaaagu? sPm au pips OR •abpapb bu?xapd aaggoup pT?nq oq anpg PTnoM Aagg 'ob you PTP
TTsM-agq IT uana gsgg P?ss OR •goaCoad auo Uo you s? S?gq qnq 'sasTTOP uOTTTTw uag puads oq
buTOb s? Aq ?O agq gsqq pags.O?PuT uaaq spg 4? P?ps OR •paau UOWWOO agq u?pgUTPW qou pTnoM Aq ?O
aqq gpgq bu?Pusgsaapun s ?q SPM q? gugq Pagso -rpu? aaTTTW aaquiOW T?ouno0 •uo ?gsanb s,aauz ?aggaaM
•aW Oq aaMSUP u? 'guauidOTanapaH Aq paa?nbaa puoq aousuiaogaad pus puoq Lu ?PP ?q aqq pau?sTd
-xa aaTgng UTnax •aW •asaA u 000'009$ mpaP PTnoo Aq ?O aqg quaoaad x ?S gu xupq agq u? g? qnd
PUP uO ?TT ?Lu OT aqq xOOg Aagq IT gpgq urrq oq WOOS pTnoM q? PTSs OR '000'OS$ agg uO saxsq gsOT
-7o sapaA omq ssaT 'saxug UT 000'00T$ aonpoad TTTM aM TTsuz Mau agq u? qnd am IT pus sbuTPTTnq
bu ?q?xa agq uo 'apaA s 000'0S$ ansq GM spaoM aaggo u? 'asuq xpq aagpaab p anuq TTTm aM gsqq s?
quauzgsanu? POOL p s? s?qq qou ao aaggagM au?utaaq@p og sxo ?gspapA agq 90 auo prss OR '000'OSt$
jo quaoaad uaq ao 000'Sf,$ aq PTnoM saogsanU? aqq Aq xSTa MnUr?xsui aqq qugq Pagpo?pu? 'Aauaoggp
'OTAOQ PasuO ?H •aUT •uaddpq PTnOO gsqq o?gS?Tsaa aq oq gsqq pagso?PU? ggauION aOAPW •aTOq aTgnop
u anT�g Put `s2u pT?nq aqq TTp umOP asaq PTnoo noA uagq P?ss uOTTV -Says •awTq s?qg qu q:uaw
- q?unuoo Aus axpur qou pTnoM aq pagso?pu? ggawaN aoApw •OUTT aqq uO gsso Tsngou SPM asagq T?qun
sbu ?PT?nq @-Tour Aus Umop apaq Oq Paaoo.zd qou pTnoM noA gpgq aoupansspaa go adAg Auu sPm asagq IT
paxSS uaTTV • Says • quaurdOTanapaH go gasd aqq uO quaurq?unuoo p axsur oq uO ?g ?sod p u? qou ssm aq
)agso?pu? g ;auraN aoAsys •uo- bu-rob SUM goaCoad agq qou ao aaggagm gno punoj anpg noA T ?gun u ?suzaa oq,
SLu?PTznq aqq u? Gap gPgq squsgoaaur agq MOTTs pTnoM Aagq IT paxsp uaTTV -says •qaT aas sgosaq
-uoo aaojaq qnq 'Aq ?O aqq Aq pau?sggo spM aTq ?g aagJP qaT aq PTnoo p ?q pusT agg gsqq pagpo ?puT
ggauraN aOAPW •saanpaooad uo?gsuurapuoo aaojaq uodn P ?q aq pTnoM pupT aqq IT Paxsu aqS •PauupTd
az ?s aqq 90 JTpq -auo TTpur u PT?nq Aagq q,uop Aqm os 'paapaTO APpaaTs SPM pusT S?gq 90 JTsu gsqq
pagpO?PUT 'uo?aPW •M SZT 'UaTTV gaus.0 'says •saadOTanaP aqq go gasd aqq uO PT?nq oq aoupuraojaad
agnTosgp up aog quauraaabs aqq u? uo ?S?noad Aup spM asagq IT PaxSS OR •pusT aqq go UO ?g ?S?nbop
aqq uo puoq aoupuraojaad s passnOS ?p 's, usurMaN Jo aabsusul ' aaul?aggaaM apbpa • JW • SUO?gs?gobau
gaaoas a ?aqq u? uodn paaabs pug saadOTanap aqq gpgm MOux Oq aXTT pTnoM aqs Pagso ?Pu? 'auxoOH ST9T
'uuuraa�jusgos sapgaug SSTW •sbu ?PT?nq punos Jo uo ?g?TOuraP Oq pasoddo TT ?qs aaam Aaqq P ?us OR
PaguTo ?n uaaq anuq sggb ?a s,qusgoaaul uMOquMOp aqq gsqq Paquo?pu? 'qunOOS ?u SaaMOd 90 aauMO 'au ?TX
SPTbnou •aW •oqa 'bu?gsaq 'buTUOTgTPuoo a ?s ap?noad pup suaau uounuoo aqq dOTanap oq Aq?aoggnp
ou suq Aq?O agq piss OR -qs .an?aau gsnui Aagg aanb?g aqq aousnpp u? PToq butaq aas saas ?sad
-ds aqq gsqq Ass oq S? go?gM 'P ?q u axuUr oq Pagpb?Tgo aq qou TTTM saadOTanap aqq uaqq 00010Sv$
spaaoxa gsqq ao ?ad u ggTM u? Sauroo Tus?saddu aqq IT gsqq supaur STgq P?ps aH '000'OSV� Paaoxa
you TTTM ao ?ad p ?q urnur?xsUI aqq gsqq s? PTq pasodoad aqq uo qnd ansq saadOTanap TTpur aqq gsqq
suO ?q?puoo aqq 90 auo 4Pgq Pagpo?PUT 'squsgo.zaui UMOquMOp aqq bu?quasaadaa Aouaogqu 'spooM UrTZ
•ays •SUO?gnTOsaa asagq qdopp Oq T?OUnO3 agg aOj axsgs?ur s aq pTnoM g? qqbnoqq aq P ?us OR •buT
-pT?ng SMOTTa3 PPO aqq Jo uo?grS?nbou aqq Lu?saopua aas noA suo?gnTOsaa asagq bu?gdops Aq P?ps aH
•SUO?gs?gobau asagq asaopua og pa�jsb bu?aq aau noA suo?gnTosaa asagq uo BUT40A Gap nOA uagM pus
'Agaadoac� s ?gq 90 aTus agq aoJ azs suO ?qs ?gobau aqq gsqq p?pS OR •aouTd buTxsq uaaq anuq qugq
SuO?gs?gobau aqq 90 ssaTpasbaa 'gSTT uO?q?srnbOS aqq uO qou TTTgs s? q? P?ss OR *qou ao uaxpq aq
oq SPM buTPTTng sMOTTa3 PPO aqq IT Moux qou p ?P TTTgS Aaqq PagpO?pu? 'bu ?pT ?ng sMOTTa3 PPO aqq
90 SaaumO aqq aOJ Aauaoggs 'Auys anggJV •aW •goTagSTP bu?ddogs s pTTnq oq aapao u? 'saangonags
bu?AOagsap u? ana?Taq qou p ?p aq gpgq ssm uaaouoO s ?g p?ss aH •uOTgsuiaOJUT agaTduioo 90 xOST aqq
gnoqu pauaaouoo ssm ag P?ss OR •uaxpq uaaq ansq gsqq saanpaooad aqq aano gasdn sum aq poquo?pu?
'AsM aPTag 8S6T 'PassbaanO s?ag0 •aW •Paa?nbos s? pusT aqq aaogaq P ?q p do bu?ggnd aas saogsanU?
aqq P ?q a ?aqq aansu? oq P?ss OR •aOgSanu? us pus aadOTanaP p uaamgaq aouaaajj ?P agq Pau?uTdxa OR
saogsanu? aqq Jo gTsgaq uo q.uauzagsgs p appur 'saadOTanap agq Jo an?gsguasaadaa p 'aoTAps pAOTq •aW
' unH 90 squauraa?nbaa aqq qq ?M ATduroo oq ' saadOTanap aqq su TTam su ' axpq gsnuz guauzdoTanapaH sdags
agg Pau ?pTdxa OR •suO?quTnbaa s,unH ggTM ATduroo gsnui OsTu Aagq aspo s?gg u? pus 'MUT uup?PuI 30
SUO ?s?noad aqq Oq Lu?PaOOOP 'Agaadoad aqq aa?nbop gsa?j gsnw quouidOTanapaH go quaurgasdau aqq p ?us
OR •squauraaTnbaa Tuanpaooad o ?suq aqq Pau?pTdxa 'quauzdOTanapaH aOj Aauaogqu 'aaTgng u?nax •aW
•paa?nbaa s? suo?gnTOsaa aaagq TTs go abssssd piss OR •spung paau quaban aqq aOJ uO?gso?Tddp
aqg q?urgns oq sn saz?aoggns uo?gnTOSaa pa?gq aqq p?ss OR ,-saopds (OOL) Paapunq uanas gsuaT
qs 5uTU- rPquo0„ PPP sa ?gTTTDPJ aagJP au ?T ggJnOJ 'II uo?goaS u? :saopds (OOL) Paapunq uanas gssaT
qs go„ pps 'bu?xasd paoM aqq aagju 'I UOTgoaS u? uorgnTOsaa s?gq Oq appur squaurpuaum ax ?T PTnom
aq P?sS OR •Sa ?q ?TTDPJ Lu?xapd gonagsuoo 90 Aq ?O aqq 30 quauiq?unuOO aqq Pagso ?put uO?gnTosaa
puooaS aqg P?ss OR •pauaaouoo s? goaCoad 99H aqq sp asg sp 'LUTUroo AauOW Spaau quaban aaggang ou
aq TTTM aaagq gsqq pupgsaapun oq sn SquuM unH ATTPU?J gsqq P?ps OR •Sguauranoadur? aogoas O?Tgnd
aOj unaaanO gsoo p aOj spung agp?adoaddu T ?ouno0 aqq gsqq bu?gsanbaa osTp ST unH P ?ps OR 'TTag
pus?PuI Oq UITPTO UO?gsOOTaa bu?pusgsgnO us Apd oq Aauour ags?adoaddu pTnom TTounoO aqq 'quauraaabs
aqg go gaud sp 'OSTu P ?us aH •goaCoad 99H aqq gno sasoTo qoagga u? uo?gnTOsaa gsa?g aqq gsqq
P ?s S' -aH •qua ?o?,_Tgns aq pTnom gsqq O£ aaquragdas paxasurgsod T?sur aqq u? q? gab PTnoo am IT pToq
sum pup unH ggTM PaxTsq aq P?ps aH •q?UI ?T App Aga?gq u pagsO?puT 6Z gsnbnv go aaggaT S,unH
PIPS OR •spung paau quaban u? uO ?TTTw T'Z aqq u?sggo Oq unH Aq paa ?nbaa aaaM SUO?gnTOSaa asagq
gpgq PagsoTpu? ggaWaN •r aagad aoAuys •SUO?gnTosaa aqq uo auI ?q s?qq qp pTag SUM buTapag O?Tgnd v
T?OUnOD uounuo0 aqq 90 aaqurays
SursPV au ?gs ?ag0 Aasys /s/
•aoAsys aqq Aq Tunoadds pup T?ouno0 uounuo0 aqq Aq
uoTgdopp Sq? a94JP pus uroaJ goaJga pus aoaOJ TTng u? aq TTpgS uo?gnTOSaH s?gs *III NOISOSS
•uO?gsO?Tdds s?qg 30 Tpnoaddp uodn pan?aoaa AauOUr
qupab Aup go saangTpuadxa Aup oq aOTad Ura09 TT ?g UT gabpnq UragT au ?T s T?ouno0 uounuo0 aqq oq
q?urgns TTpgs aOAPW aqq 'uo?gnTosaa s?gq aapun Pags?Tgpgsa AaobaquO Aaana aOd 'II NOIZOSS
't,L6T go qov quaurdOTanau A4?ununuo0 pup buTsnoH aqq 90 I aTgTl aapun qualu
- dOTanau usgan pup bu?snOH go quaurgapdaQ 'quauruaanOO SagsgS pag?un aqq Og (00'000'9ZT'Z$) sapTTOu
puusnogs x ?S- Aguams pup paapunH auo uO ?TT ?ys om,I, 904unourp agg u? ,spuna SPOON quaban„ aog uo ?g
- PO?Tddp up q?urgns oq paz?aoggnp Agaaaq s? puag ggnoS �o Aq ?O aqq 3O aoApw aq •I NOIZOSS
KNVIQNI 'uNSg RIMS JO AZIO SHZ JO gIONn00 NOWW00 SHS IVHS GHAgOSaH ZI Sg 'aUOjadaHS 'MON
' VL6T go qov quauidOTaAOG A4?ununuo0 pup
bu?snoH aqq 90 I aTgly aapun spun] quauidOTanaQ Ag?ununuoD ao; quuO?TddV aqq sp pagpub ?sap s? pup
'Aq ?O aqg ;o aaoTJ;o an?gnoaxa ;a ?g0 aqq s? puag ggnoS 90 Aq ?O aqq go ao!pPw aqq 'SFZS2TSHM
*VL6T 30
ZOV ZNSWdOgaASU 2UINnWW00 uNK JNISnoH SHZ 30 I S'ISIS HSQNn
SaNnd ZNSWdO'ISASU 2SINnWW00 H03 NOIIVDIIddV NV 'ZNSWdO'ISASu
NKgHfl uNV 9NISIIOH aO jNaKS,dvciau 'SNaNNuamo saiviS uaimfi
SHZ 01 ZIWgnS OZ HOXVW SHZ ONIZIHOHSnK 'VNKIQNI 'uNSg
HMOS 30 AZIO SHZ aO `IIONn00 NOWWOO SHS 30 NOISnUOSaU V LL -S89 'ON NOIMUOSaU
REGULAR MEETING (CONTINUED) SEPTEMBER 29, 1977
He said he hoped the total impact would be greater downtown than just Century Mall. He said sto
were leaving the downtown area and we must reverse the trend. Council Member Taylor said he
supported some kind of revitalization of the downtown area. He said he felt this was an opportu
to keep a door open and allow some flexibility for potential redevelopment of the downtown area.
He said he supported the resolutions. Council President Parent said the negotiation meeting was
not secret. He indicated it was not open to the public. He said the Council was invited to the
meeting. He explained some of the things that took place at the meeting. Council Member Adams
asked Mr. Butler if he had a copy of the agreement that the Council could look at. Mr. Butler
indicated he did not have a copy of the agreement, just the rough draft. Council Member Adams
made a motion to recess, seconded.by Council Member Horvath. The motion carried and the meeting
was recessed at 5:26 p.m., and reconvened at 5:36 p.m.
Council President Parent asked Mr. Kevin Butler to read the agreement to the Council. Mr. Butler
read the following agreement: "The agreement would be between or among the Department of Re-
Development and the Civil City of South Bend and the investors, and the various investors would
sign the agreement individually. The first provision or paragraph would set forth the obligatior
of the investors; #l.the investors submit a bid to purchase and develop the property according
to the Urban Renewal Plan and the legal requirements for bidding which are established by State
law and Department of Housing and Urban Development requirements. The first objective is subject
to the following two conditions and only the following two conditions: #1 Redevelopment offers
the property for public bid by April 1, 1979; #2 That the minimum price established by the reuse
appraisals, immediately prior to offering the property for public bid, will not exceed $450,000.
The second obligation of the investor is that they will submit a security bond contemporaneously
with the signing of the agreement that will be in the form possibly of a letter of credit which
will provide that the lending institution that.issued it, or the bonding company, if it is a bon(
will pay to the Redevelopment Department $45,000 in the event the Redevelopment Department certii
to the lending institution or bonding company that the investors have breached their obligation
under the agreement. The next paragraph covers the obligation of the Department of Redevelopmeni
that.would be in the event the investors submit a bid and that bid is awarded by Redevelopment,
then Redevelopment will deed the..property to the developers by April 1, 19x80. The year after
the deadline for the bidding. The third paragraph would cover the obligations of Redevelopment
and /or the City. There would be two obligations: #1 In the event the investors submit a bid for
development of the shopping mall and this bid is awarded the City and /or Redevelopment will con-
struct a parking garage or garages in the area to service the Century Mall, among other business(
etc.,, within the area, and the parking garage or garages would contain not fewer than seven
hundred (700) spaces. The details with respect to location, configuration, the amount of free
parking, if any, that is something that would have to determined prior to the construction. The
City and /or Redevelopment is not committing to any of those points right now. The second ob-
ligation of the City and /or Redevelopment is that the City and /or Redevelopment, or both, will
develop the pedestrian area in the shopping mall area, subject to the submission of a bid for
a shopping mall and awarding of that bid. The details with respect to the location of that
pedestrian area, the configuration and design, the amenities, are details that will be worked
out prior to construction. The fourth paragraph will be to the effect that the agreement is
subject to approval by HUD and the City Council. The reason for approval, that is instead of
making HUD and the City Council parties to the agreement."
Council Member Adams asked if the seven hundred parking spaces had to be new spaces. Mr. Butler
indicated they would have to be new spaces. Council Member Adams asked how they arrived at
$450,000 for the minimum bid. Mr. Butler indicated -they used a figure of $3 per square foot.
Council Member Adams asked the price per square foot that was paid for Block Six. Mr. Butler
indicated it was ninety cents per square foot. Council Member Adams asked what money would be
used to acquire the property and pay for relocation. Mr. Butler indicated that they still had
$900,000 remaining from the sale of bonds, and they anticipated receiving the 2.1 million in
urgent need funds. Council Member Adams asked that if before anything can be done will those
funds have to come before the Council. Mr. Butler indicated the $900,000 would not have to come
before the Council. He said the 2.1 million would be approved by the Council on a line item
basis. Council Member.Adams asked what effect this would have on the existing parking garage bor
Mr. Butler indicated that he understood they will be refinanced as a package. She asked if he
had any idea of the effect on the tax rate on this refinancing. Mayor Nemeth indicated they had
talked with a consultant and if the City goes.with a non - revenue bond issue the interest rate
would be much more favorable. Council Member Serge asked Mr. Candler, one of the developers,
how much of an opportunity he was going to give the downtown merchants to go into the mall.
Mr. Candler indicated they have not contacted every one. He said they had letters of intent fror
some merchants. He said he would talk with any and all good tenants who want to go into the mall
Council Member Szymkowiak indicated that he felt that a downtown mall will be a key to a success-
ful downtown. He made a motion to adopt Resolution No. 583 -77, seconded by Council Member Taylor
Council Member Horvath asked if the $450,000 which is based on 150,000 square feet, included the
Odd Fellows Building. Mr. Brownell, Executive Director of Redevelopment indicated that the
150,000 square feet does not include the Odd Fellows. Building. Council Member Horvath indicated
he was disappointed that there were no blue prints or plans. He said he did not want to see any
more demolition in the downtown area. Council Member Adams made a motion to insert a new Section
V to read that the Common Council recommends there be no demolition of any buildings until a
bid is awarded for the Century Mall property. The motion died for lack of a second. Mrs. Hawle]
owner_ of Jefferson Book Store, indicated that no one had contacted her about going into the mal_
Council President Parent indicated the process of downtown development has been going on for quit
awhile, and it would be difficult to turn around at this point. He said this probably will serv(
as a catalysis for future development. The resolution was adopted by a vote of seven ayes. Coun
Member Miller made a motion to amend Resolution No. 584 -77, by adding seven hundred spaces in
Section I, and.containing seven hundred spaces in Section II, seconded by Council Member Szymkow:
The motion carried. Council Member Taylor made a motion to adopt the resolution, seconded by
Council Member Szymkowiak. The resolution was adopted by a roll call vote of seven ayes. Counc:
Member Taylor made a motion to adopt Resolution No. 585 -77, seconded by Council Member Serge.
The resolution was adopted by a roll call vote of seven ayes.
There being no further business to come before the Council, unfinished or new, Council Member
Adams made a motion to adjourn, seconded by Council Member Dombrowski. The motion carried and
the meeting was adjourned at 6:10 p.m.
ATTEST: APPROVED:
7
City Clerk President
s
ty
es
S.
it