The URL can be used to link to this page

Home My WebLink About2. 1021 Hudson Avenue_COA 2021-0730STAFF REPORT CONCERNING APPLICATION FOR A CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS Date: August 10, 2021 Application Number: 2021-0730 Property Location: 1021 Hudson Avenue Architectural Style/Date/Architect or Builder: Colonial Revival / 1921 / Campbell House Property Owner: Philip and Barbara Bess Landmark or District Designation: Riverside Drive Local Historic District, #7469-85 Rating: Contributing DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURE/ SITE : Rectangular plan two-story house with wide clapboard siding on a brick foundation. Hipped roof with “Dutch gables” on east and west end. Single rectangular brick chimney at northeast corner with concrete cap. Windows are 6/1 double-hung with wooden storm windows. A detached one-car garage is to the northwest. Entrance portico has broken pediment and doric columns. The east façade has a one-story screened sunporch with pergola roof. ALTERATIONS: COA 2000-0304 allowed for roof repair. COA 2004-0916 allowed for removing cedar shake shingles and asphalt shingles and replacement with new dimensional asphalt shingles. APPLICATION ITEMS: “Addition of new porch to front of house.” DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT: The applicant has requested approval to: Remove the existing front entrance portico and replace it with a shed-roofed front porch covering the eastern two thirds of the front façade. Regarding the proportions of the proposed project, the applicant’s submitted paperwork indicates the following: “We designed the 10’ x 20’ porch to appear as a natural extension of the original Colonial Revival house. Many of the porch details are inspired by other Colonial and Colonial Revival houses in the area as well as throughout the United States. Its design is meant to highlight good, honest craftsmanship primarily through wood carpentry. The porch is meant to be a compliment to the house but still be distinct in its appearance. It carefully aligns with the existing screened porch at the east side of the house. It will create a new outdoor room at the front of the house as well as offer protection from the weather to visitors to the front door.” The house has strong symmetry as originally built, with the entrance portico roof delineating the central axis. The screened in porch on the east side protrudes from the structure but is balanced by the rear detached garage and driveway on the west façade. The proposed change will result in the loss of the original broken pedimented entrance portico and doric columns and their replacement with the 2/3-width shed front porch. This may unbalance the house’s existing symmetry. Staff would prefer to see a full-length front porch, but the applicant has indicated that the homeowner prefers the natural light in the first-floor southwestern corner room. Regarding the materials of the proposed project, the applicant’s submitted paperwork indicates the following: “Construction materials and details are in keeping with the existing house. Principal materials will be painted wood, asphalt shingles, a concrete slab floor, and a brick facing on the foundation. Proposed porch columns are 6” x 6” in size, clad in painted wood to hide structure posts and connections, and are coupled in order to visually carry the weight of the roof above. Rafter tails with decorative ends sit on an architrave beam across the front, while the sides of the roof are covered with ship-lapped vertical siding. The ceiling of the porch will be painted beadboard, which the roof will be covered with asphalt shingles to match the main house.” Staff find no issue with the proposed materials. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES: RIVERSIDE DRIVE II. EXISTING STRUCTURES […] D. ENTRANCES, PORCHES AND STEPS Most houses in the district have either an open or enclosed porch across the front. Most porches have either hip or gabled roofs or are covered by the main roof of the house. Required Existing or original porches, stoops, patios, and steps, including handrails, balusters, columns, brackets, tiles and roof decorations, shall be retained or replaced by replica of the same design and materials when deteriorated beyond repair. Porches and additions reflecting later architectural styles and which are important to the building’s historical integrity, shall be retained. Recommended When enclosing porches for heat conservation or for other reasons, it should be done in a manner that does not alter the architectural or historical character of the building. Prohibited Front porches, stoops, patios, and steps that are important to the building’s style and development shall not be altered or removed. Not Recommended Original porch details should not be replaced with materials representing an earlier period or style from the original. […] III. NEW CONSTRUCTION New construction includes any new building or structure constructed within the boundaries of the historic district, or any new addition to an existing building. New construction should be designed considering the appearance of the other buildings in the neighborhood. A. HEIGHT AND PROPORTION the majority of structures in the district are two stories high and are square, rectangular, or irregular in plan. There are a few story-and-a-half residences. The prevalent façade proportions are between a 1:1 and a 1:2 height-to-width ratio. Required The height of a new structure and its height-to-width proportions shall be consistent with adjacent buildings in the district. The building height shall be no greater than that of the lowest existing structure of the same type in the same block. Façade proportions shall be established by permitting no structure with a façade wider or narrower than those existing in the same block. Additions to existing buildings shall be related in height and proportion to the existing structure. Recommended Contemporary designs should be compatible in character and mood to the building or neighborhood. Prohibited Additions may not be constructed that would change the existing façade of a building, alter its scale or architectural character, or add new height. Not Recommended New stories should not be added not should existing stories be removed which would destroy important architectural details, features and spaces of the building. Any style or period of architecture that is incompatible with what exists style should not be permitted in new additions. B. BUILDING MATERIALS Walls materials in the district range from brick, stucco, clapboard, shingles, aluminum and vinyl siding. Required Exterior materials used on a new structure shall be compatible in scale, texture and color with adjacent structures. Materials used on an addition to an existing structure shall relate to the existing or original materials of that structure. As much of the original structure as possible shall be retained so that the addition could be removed without damage to the basic structure and appearance of the building. Recommended Aluminum or vinyl siding may be used when it is the only feasible alternative. This siding should be compatible with the original size and style and with the materials of other buildings in the district. Prohibited Inappropriate materials such as asbestos, asphalt, molded or artificial stone, or artificial brick shall not be used. Not Recommended Glass blocks should not be used. Concrete block should not be used for anything other than foundations. […] In making its determination, the Historic Preservation Commission shall consider three factors: first, appropriateness of the proposed work to the preservation of the building and district; second, the detriment to the public welfare if the proposed work is permitted even though it is not deemed appropriate; third, the potential hardship that the denial of the Certificate of Appropriateness would cause the applicant. SITE VISIT REPORT: N/A STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends asking the applicant to amend their application to a full-width porch, and, if possible, to replicate the entrance portico in that porch’s design (remanding to staff review of that approval if needed). Prepared by Adam Toering, Historic Preservation Administrator HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION OF SOUTH BEND AND ST. JOSEPH COUNTY Phone: 574/235.9371 Fax: 574/235.9021 Email: hpcsbsjc@southbendin.gov MAP OF THE AREA - Google Maps view of the subject area. SATELLITE/SANBORN IMAGERY - Sandborn Maps: 1945, 1960, imagery from 2016 of property. 5 HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION OF SOUTH BEND AND ST. JOSEPH COUNTY Phone: 574/235.9371 Fax: 574/235.9021 Email: hpcsbsjc@southbendin.gov FRONT PICTURE (SOUTH) - Picture of the front of the building, August 10, 2021. FRONT PICTURE (SOUTH) - Picture of the front of the building, August 10, 2021. 5 John Mellor Design Traditional Architecture & Urbanism July 30, 2021 Adam Toering, Historic Preservation Administrator Department of Community Investment City of South Bend 227 West Jefferson Boulevard, Suite 14005 South Bend, Indiana 46601 MEMORANDUM Certificate of Appropriateness Application Bess House / Riverside Historic District South Bend Adam, My client, Philip Bess, is the owner and resident at 1021 Hudson Avenue in South Bend. His home sit at the edge of the Riverside Historic District, whose district report describes the property as a contributing Colonial Revival. Specifically, its description the house is as follows: Built in 1921 by Marvin Campbell as a rental property. Mr. Campbell was a prominent South Bend businessman and owner of the Campbell Box and Tag Company. He owned the house until his death in 1930, leaving the house to his children, who all quit their claim on the house to their sister, Harriet Hager. Mrs. Hager continued to rent the house out until 1978. Mr. Bess has faithfully maintained the exterior of the house, retaining almost all of the home's original wood siding and wood windows. Further, Mr. Bess has had new storm windows fabricated for the home to compliment its historic character and appearance. See the attached photos of the front of the house for its current appearance. In keeping with the adjacent properties, Mr. Bess desires to construct a new porch attached to the front of his home. This construction requires some demolition, primarily at the existing stoop and door surround, both of which are in poor condition, as well as the relocation of some of the landscaping. The new porch will extend over two-thirds of the front facade, covering the existing entry and living room window. 1319 E. South Street, South Bend, Indiana 46615 p. 574-234-6578 ♦ email: johncmellor@gmail.com Certificate of Appropriateness Application Bess House / Riverside Historic District South Bend Page 2 We designed the 10' x 20' porch to appear as a natural extension of the original Colonial Revival house. Many of the porch details are inspired by other Colonial and Colonial Revival houses in the area as well as throughout the United States. Its design is meant to highlight good, honest craftsmanship primarily through wood carpentry. The porch is meant to be a compliment to the house but still be distinct in its appearance. It carefully aligns with the existing screened porch at the east side of the house. It will create a new outdoor room at the front of the house as well as offer protection from the weather to visitors to the front door. Construction materials and details are in keeping with the existing house. Principal materials will be painted wood, asphalt shingles, a concrete slab floor, and brick facing on the foundation. Proposed porch columns are 6" x 6" in size, clad in painted wood to hide structural posts and connections, and are coupled in order to visually carry the weight of the roof above. Rafter tails with decorative ends sit on an architrave beam across the front, while the sides of the roof are covered with ship -lapped vertical siding. The ceiling of the porch will be painted beadboard, while the roof will be covered with asphalt shingles to match the main house. Please review the attached photos and the preliminary set of construction documents for more information regarding the project. I look forward to discussing the proposed work with you and anticipate receiving a Certificate of Appropriateness soon. Let me know if you have any questions or concerns. Respectfully submitted, John C. Mellor, AIA, LEED AP / John Mellor Design C: Philip Bess File WAR on= 4 . jour -A t � i ��{�� J� t�:''+.+_� '' Z.�_'...- i may• y��F• WAR on= 4 . lmage5 of Proposed Work NOT TO SCALE PROPERTY LINE - --fl6EE�SBI�Y 5�6�ETUR€€A�EROA6�}MEN-F �FPfE I 20' REAR SETBACK + UTILITY EASEMENT - I I I EXISTING CARAGE z I z J �I I O O EXISTING SHED I I I I / 2WI I /025 1021 o 1015 �I I I — t— — — — p I —413 25' MAX FRONT SETBACK LINE I p p 5' MlN FRONT SETBACK LINE 13 13 INSTALL NEW PLUMBING WASTE LINE 5' FRONT ENCROACHMENT ZONE/ /S FORFUTURE AOU. TIE TO EXISTING AS REOD. VERIFYLOCATION W/ 20''-4" OWNER PRIOR TO EXCAVATION LOCATION OF PROPOSED PORCH ADDITION PROPERTY LINE ILIUDSO/V % VEA/l�'f Proposed .51te Plan 5CALL ., l " = /0'-O" I�I�Ag�I 4g� co GENERAL NOTE5: I, PROJECT DESCRIPTION: AN ADDITION TO AN EX15TING HOUSE COA1515TING OF A NEW FRONT PORCH AND STEPS. 2. THESE DRAWINGS 5HOW DE5IGN INTENT ONLY. THE CONTRACTOR WILL BE RE5PON5/5LE FOR PROVIDING A COMPLETE STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND PLUMBING 5Y5TEM FOR THE ADDITION TO THE EX15TING HOUSE. 3. THE OWNER INTENDS TO OCCUPY THE HOME THROUGHOUT THE DURATION OF CONSTRUCTION. PROVIDE TEMPORARY WEATHER PROTECTION, POWER, HEAT, ETC. A5 REQUIRED TO PERMIT CONTINUOU5 OCCUPATION OF THE HOUSE. 4. NEW EXTERIOR MATERIALS AND FlNI5HE5 ARE INTENDED TO BEITEM5 READILY AVAILABLEAND 5HOULD MATCH TH05E FOUND IN THE EX15TING HOUSE A5 CL05ELY A5 P0551BLE. THE OWNER WILL SELECT F1NAL FINISHES, ETC, 5. THE ADDITION 15 INTENDED TO ALIGN WITH AN IMAGINARY LINE CONNECTING THE FRONT FACES OF ADJACENT HOUSES AT 10 15 AND 1025 HUDSON A VENUE. 6. COORDINATE LOCATION OF OUTLETS, LIGHT FIXTURES, 5 Wl TCHE5, ETC. WI TH THE O WNER. CIRCUITING AND FINAL 1N5TALLATION ARE THE RE5PON51BILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR. 7. AT NO TIME WILL THE ARCHITECT (JOHN MELLOR DESIGN) HAVE CONTROL OVER OR CHARGE OF CONSTRUCTION, AND WILL NOT BE RE5PON51BLE FOR CONSTRUCTION MEANS, METHODS, TECHNIQUES, SEQUENCES, PROCEDURES, OR JOB-51TE SAFETY PRECAUTION5. 6. THE CONTRACTOR(5) SHALL TAKE OUT AND FURNISH SATl5FACTORY PROOF, BY CERTIFICATE AND SPECIFIC POLICY ENDORSEMENTS, THAT THE CONTRACTOR HAS PROCURED ALL REQUIRED INSURANCE COVERAGE. SUCH LIABILITY INSURANCE SHALL PROTECT THE OWNER AGAINST LOSS, INCLUDING DEATH BY ANY PER50N OR PERSONS, RESULTING FROM THE PERFORMANCE OR EXECUTION OF THE WORK DESCRIBED IN THESE DRAWINGS, 9. ON ALL POLICIES OF INSURANCE, JOHN MELLOR DE51GN AND THE ARCHITECT KNOWN A5 JOHN MELLOR SHALL BE NAMED A5 AN ADDITIONAL INSURED. 5/TE PLAN NOTES: I. LOCATION OF HOU5E: 129,f 1/2 VAC ALLEY * 25 FT W 51DE LOT 128 * 1/2 VAC ALLEY PORTAGE PARK 15T= 1021 HUD50N AVENUE, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA 46616 2. PARCEL #: O 15-1065-2766 3. ZONING = URBAN NEIGHBORHOOD I 4. 51TE INFORMATION FROM MACOG Gly AND HAS NOT BEEN VERIFIED BY51TE SURVEY 5. EX15TING AND NEW CONSTRUCTION COVER 1663 50FT OF THE 7643 SOFT 51TE, OR 22% OF THE TOTAL 51TE = LE55 THAN THE 50% MAXIMUM ALLOWED. 6. NEW CON5TRUCTION EXTENDS BEYOND THE REQUIRED MINIMUM FRONT SETBACK LIMITS BUT NOT BEYOND THE ALLOWED ENCROACHMENT FOR ALLOWED BUILDING FRONTAGE TYPES. John Mellor Design 2021 O z z (f o O � z o � Q � - N N _ j O LL -3 � � O � Q z R z O :�i O k U) o Q � N O A 1 .0 0 z �o O Z � � L O N � N O O O O z z (f o O � z o � Q � - N N _ j O LL -3 � � O � Q z R z O :�i O k U) o Q � N O A 1 .0 QD z w (S-) LLO w itQ Ln a a d d 8 \--' ,bHiM SPACE ° a d. d d d 4x4' TREATED WOOD POST .°. d a a ANCHORto HO d d d I x WOOD TRkM OVM POST. d d d a d ° d : °RABBET AT EDGES AS d. p d ° d ad. INDICATED ° EDGE OF CONCRETE HAD ° ad d SL ° °a a d ° ° d d ' d a :.d I x WOOD BASE W/ d ° d ' °d ° a dCHAMFERED TQP AqD ° a ' $ a° MITERED CORNERS ° d. d. ° d ° 4 a d n 4' d d ° ° °. d' °d d' d' °d d. d ° X\ ° a d d v d a d. d ° ° d d ° °. ° 4x4 TREATED WOOD POST d d a a ` c d ° - ANCHOR TO FOUNDATION a ° °. + 3..: E : d 4 W/ GALV POST ANCHORS a ° a d 4 d' d Plan Detail at Porch Post I SCALE- 3" = l '-0" d ° 4x4 TREATED WOOD POST ° - ANCHOR TO FOUNDATION ° W/ GALV POST ANCHORS d ° a d ° Ad d: .. d ° d d° d d d ° ° a a ° ° d d ° Q ° d a d u ° d d ° , d' d d. d °. ° d EDGE OF CONCRETE SCAB I x WOOD TRIM OVER POST. ° I x WOOD BASE W/ d RABBET AT EDGES AS CHAMFERED TOP AND ° ° d a INDICATED °MITERED CORNERS ° d d d d a '.d dd ° d .d. d. .a .. °a(S-) d ° , d U -J DZ d. a a d ° d d d ° LL - d ca O a. d LL -1 v d d ° d dLu SHIM SPACE d 4' °. +3 6 6" 01 Plan Detail at Porch Post �L SCALE: 3" = /'-0/' I TYPICAL OF 2 AI.I REFERENCE LINE = CENTERLINE OF DOORWAY + EXISTING SIDEWALK EXISTING THRESHOLD SWITCH FOR LIGHTS /N EXISTING LOCATION ° a a d ° LINE OF ROOF + STRUCTURE P d Q ° a ABOVE °. d ° ° a d 4 d ° a a' TOP OF GUARDRAIL CENTERED ° ° d ON POSTS (TYPICAL) a 4 I ° ° a 4. 4 d d NEW CONCRETE SLAB ° , p d a 4 � °d ' Id ° ° I I I I 1 I I/,0„ 4'-/„ 4,_/„ TYPICAL OF 3 Z I d l I d v -- a—..Q -- d a ALIGN CONCRETE STEMWALL a ° ° �, 4 CAP + 2ND STAIR TREAD d d d. v 4. N a d a d /101 , 5'-7" EXISTING WALK NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS TAKEN FROM FACE OF BRICK AT EXISTING FOUNDATION WALL TO CENTERLINE OF STRUCTURAL POSTS -OR- EDGE OF CONCRETE SLAB. 2i d �v p 4 d d ' v d d v d d° v CONTROL JOINTS AT CENTER OF SLAB d v v. d p/J d v d pd d pd d p ° a p LOCATION OF CEILING LIGHT(TYPICAL) p d d v 4 v Q d ° 4 41 /4'-9" 20'-4" NEW SEGMENT OF WALK TO TRANSITION FROM STAIRS TO EXISTING Floor Plan - Proposed Porch SCALE: 1121'= /'--0" ° a d d as I I NEW 61x6" POSTS LINE OF BASE TRIM BEYOND NOTE: ALL OIMENS/ONS TAKEN FROM FACE OF BRICK AT a15 TING FOUNDATION WALL, f I I I � I ol d I a I LINE OF CONCRETE SLAB " REFERENCE LINE = CENTERLINE OF (ABOVE) DOORWAY + EX/STING SIDEWALK I I 14 I a I I I I I I aI i a ° REINFORCED CONCRETE a FOUNDATION WALL 4 ° I ° I I ad I ° 4 4 e d a CONCRETE STEM WALL EACH ° SIDE OF STAIR I I /'-6" 1 8" 1 3'-3" 5'-5" 3'-3" 1 6" 20'-0" LINE OF CONCETE STAIRS (ABOVE) 14'-7' Foundation Plan - Proposed Porch SCALE: 1/2" = /'--0" N 0 � N O John Mellor De519n 2021 O ? Z O O � z \ W � CQ Q) m Q (n Q � — N O L O 1 Q Z � Z O O o Q � Z N O AI.I 0 z O j N � L O O N � � N O O O O ? Z O O � z \ W � CQ Q) m Q (n Q � — N O L O 1 Q Z � Z O O o Q � Z N O AI.I 3 vve5c cievgElon - r-rop05ea SCALE: 1/2 = l -0 4 C95t Elevation - rrOp05ecl SCALE: 1/2 = /'-0" 500th fle m tion - fx15 tin 5outh fembon - Proposed 2 SCALE- 1/2" = / '-0" John Mellor De519n 2021 A I .2 O z O ? Z � O O � z \ � o CQ O � Z On Q - � N O o� � , 0 Q � OHO N � L Q � Z N OO O N � � N O O A I .2 O ? Z � O O � z \ � W CQ O � Z On Q - � N O L � , 0 Q � OHO Q � Z N O A I .2 C 5 wui �u uvdii (_,urin(fx,' iur1 SCALE: 31'= /'0" 2x4 CEDAR CAP, MILL PROFILE TO DRAIN 2x2 PAINTED CEDAR PICKETS - SPACEAS ILLUSTRATED 2x4 CEDAR BOTTOM RA/L, CHAFER TOP TO DRAIN FIBER REINFORCED SLAB. KEEP BOTTOM EDGE LEVEL AND SLOPE TOP TO DRAIN AWAY FROM HOUSE ro N FREE -DRAINING COMPACTED FILL UNDER SLAB THIN BR/CK VENEER APPLIED TO FOUNDATION - MATCH COURSING ON EX/ST/NG HOUSE FREE -DRAINING COMPACTED FILL REINFORCED CONCRETE FOUNDATION Secbon Through Porch - Partial 6 SCALE: /'/= P-0" 2 A1,3 N � N r L �t SIN ro L/NE OF STRUCTURE PAINTED 6'x6" COLUMN FIBER REINFORCED SLAB, KEEP BOTTOM EDGE LEVEL AND SLOPE TOP TO DRAIN AWAY FROM HOUSE THIN BRICK VENEER APPLIED TO FOUNDATION - MATCH COURS/NG ON EXIST/NG HOUSE REINFORCED CONCRETE STEPS RADIUS (TYP) ,C SIN 3 A1.3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I � I I I I I I o m -III I 6 II FREEDRAINING COMPACTED FILL REINFORCED CONCRETE FOUNDATION n ASPHALT SHINGLES - MATCH EX/STING HOUSE ICE $ WATER SHIELD UNDERLAYMENT FOR WHOLE ROOF 112" SOLID SHEATH/NG 2x6 RAFTERS @ 16" 0. C. 5 A1.3 --- 2x4 BLOCK N 2x4 LEDGER NA/LED - -------------- MID SPAN TO STUDS — — — — — — PAINTED /x8 FASC/A PAINTED / COVE MOLDING — — — — — — — — — — —-------------- — L/NE OF STRUCTURE PATCH SlD/NG ASA REO'D PA/NTED /x4 EXTERIOR GRADE BEADED BOARD CEILING. INSTALL NEW 5/4 CASING + SINGLE PIECES PARALLEL TO FRONT OF HOUSE DRIP CAP 2x4 CEILING FRAMING @ 16" 0, C, FAINTED 6'x6" COLUMN FAINTED 5'x6" COLUMN PAINTED WOOD GUARDRAIL - 6 SEE SECT/ON DETAIL FOR MORE INFO A1,3 ° ° a FREE ORAIING COMPACTED FILL UNDER SLAB MINIMIZE 015 TURBA NCE OF fX15 TING EA R TH I I I I 1- 111 Secbon Through Porch at Star 4 SCALE: ///= l '--0„ I I I I I I I�I I I I I I I I I SIN ■ METAL FLASHING WHERE ROOF MEETS WALL METAL DRIP EDGE 1x4 EXTERIOR GRADE TRIM, CUT TO 2 1/4" 2x6 VERGE RAFTER 7/1 6" SHEATHING I xB EXTER/OR GRADE BOARD - NICKEL GAP JO/NTS FURRING AS REOD /x8 EXTERIOR GRADE BOARD RABBIT AS INDICATED SHIM SPACE Ix EXTERIOR GRADE BOARD 1x4 EXTERIOR GRADE BEADED BOARD CEILING - INSTALL PARALLEL TO FRONT OF HOUSE 6" l ''-0" 2x6 RAFTERS @ 16" 0. C. TYPICAL ___1 /____11 -------------- 2x4 END WALL FRAMING @ 16" D.C. COVE 2x4 CEILING FRAMING MOOLING @ 16" O. C. 1x4 EXTERIOR GRADE BEADED BOARD CEILING - INSTALL PARALLEL TO FRONT OF HOUSE Oetail at bake Overhan 1 SCALE: / „ _ / , 0„ 2yetail at LOlum17 Lap SCALE: 3 = l -0 3 vulaii a� c.vivrriri vasu SCALE• 3 = l -0 John Mellor De519n 2021 O ? Z O O � z W CQ O CD O p Q � — N � , 0 � Q z�z oho o Q � Z N O Al .3 0 z o O � j N � L O O N � � N O O O ? Z O O � z W CQ O CD O p Q � — N � , 0 � Q z�z oho o Q � Z N O Al .3