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Building, 227 West Jefferson, South Bend, Indiana 46601 -1830 Phone 574/235 -9371 Fax 574/235 -9021
Redevelopment Commission
Bill Schalliol
Follow -up information related to EMF questions associated with Power Line placement
adjacent to South Bend Housing Authority properties
September 24, 2012 ,
In a response to questions raised at the September 13th Redevelopment Commission about the potential for
increasing health concerns associated with Power Line placement adjacent to South Bend Housing Authority
properties, staff has worked with the Union Station Technology Center team, AEP /I &M and the St. Joseph
County Health Department to provide some site specific information to address these concerns.
Attached to this memorandum is an e-mail dated Wednesday, September 191h from Marc Nelson,
Environmental Health Director, to Brian Siqueira with the USTC team discussing public health implications
related to power lines and other Electromagnetic Magnetic Fields (EMF) and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF)
emitting devices. Based on current research, there presently is no documented health risks that can be
attributed to exposure to electromagnetic radiation from standard power lines or even higher energyflow
electric and magnetic energy (RF) devices like cell phones.
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i attachment is an analysis prepared by the USTC team concerning some more site specific
n. The first section contains a table of common household devices and illustrates their EMF values
distances. The second table shows a comparison of power line types and compares EMF values at
tances. The next table shows an example of ELF created by rail and the various factors that
calculation values at various distances. The table on page 6 shows the best analysis of distance
BHA units to the power and rail lines. The rest of the material is information on various aspects of
nd other public health information. The information is from the US Department of Health and
vices from 2005.
review of this information, as well as other previously circulated information, staff requests
nal Commission approval for funding of $165,000 to provide an Alternate Feed Service from AEP
nt on Chapin Street to the USTC project site.
What We Do Today Makes A Difference!
Brian
From:
Sent:
To:
Subject:
Thank you for y
Department has
of studies over t
electromagnetic
Marc Nelson <MNELSON @co.st joseph.in.us>
Wednesday, September 19, 2012 8:38 AM
Brian Siqueira
Health effects from power lines
r inquiry about the health effects from electromagnetic radiation from power lines. The Health
d other questions about electromagnetic radiation and has research the issue-Even after hundreds
last 15 years, there are no documented health effects that can be attributed to exposure to
nation from standard power lines.
Power lines emi extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic energy which does not have enough energy
toionize tissue. That is, it can not affect cell structure. There is no documented evidence that even high voltage
power lines (w ch you will not have) have health effects. The energy from power lines dissipates very rapidly.
ELF should not a confused with the higher energylow frequency electric and magnetic energy (RF) which
is emitted from ftems like cell phones. There is an unproven weak association between that long exposure to RF
energy at close Oroximity to the body. This is still being researched.
There are many studies that can be found on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web site by searching
for power lines/ lectromagnetic radiation for more information.
Marc E. Nelson
Environmental Health Director
St. Joseph County Health Department
227 W. Jefferson Blvd.
9th Floor County -City Building
South Bend, IN 6601
Phone: 574 -245 760
Fax: 574 - 235 -94 7
MF Value (mG) for LIF/VLF sources
ving table shows sample low fre uer
uch as cell jhones and microwave ova
radiatiod in additiorl to Radio / Mici
Electrical
Equipment /Applian,
Air conditioner
Baby monitor
Battery charger
Blender
Can opener
Cellnhone (VLF onIO Contact:20mG
Clock (analogue)
Clock (digital)
Clothes dryer
Coffee maker
Computer monitor ( RT)
Computer monitor (LCD flat)
Computer (desktop)
Computer (laptop) ontact:20mG
Cooking range / Ho
ELF and VLF) EMF values only.
are included in this table beta
15
F in milligauss at distance
1
1
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.2m/4'
Shaver
100 20
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Toaster
N (with CRT -type sc
een) 30
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Vacuum cleaner
300
60
10
Washing machine
ents milli auss
ewer line
measure
Power Line Type
EMF in milligauss at distance
kiloVolts Usage
15m/501
30m/100'
60m/200'
90m /300'
115 kV Avg
14
0.9
1.8
3.2
0.4
0.S
1.4
115 kV Peak
230 kV Avg
20
230 kV Peak
13
500 kV Avg
29
500 kV Peak
62 27 6.7 3.0
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SB Acela
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— - Reference
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Distance From SS Track Centerline (m)
-e 20. Maximum Measured Magnetic Fields as a Function of Position for Each of
Five Train Passes. For Reference, the Bottom Line Shows Attenuation
that is Inversely Proportional to the Distance Squared
Figure 21 is a surface plot of ELF resultant magnetic field measured at the 16.4 ft (5 m) position
during the first train pass, a southbound Acela Express. This detail plot shows magnetic field
magnitude as a function of time and frequency. In this plot, the 60 Hz component is dominant,
but third and fifth harmonics are significant. Harmonics above 2 kHz are also visible in this plot.
In Fi ure 21, the time- variation of magnetic fields does not correspond to the position of the train
(i.e., maximum does not occur when the train is at the sensor location). Rather, the magnetic
field depend on the currents in the OCS and rails, and these current levels depend on the
operation of the train (for example, acceleration) and the location of the autotransformers that
supply electric. power.
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47
distri ution lines might range from 10 -20 mG directly beneath main feeders and are typically
less t4an 10 mG directly beneath lateral lines.
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Dishwasher Vamum Hair Dryer Power Drill Electric ShaverVideo Display Passenger
Cleaner Compartment
42. Median and Maximum Measured Magnetic Fields at 1 Ft from Typical
Appliances (Listed at the rIIEHS EMF RAPID Web site) Along with the
Average and Maximum Measured 60 Hz Magnetic Fields Measured in
the Acela Express Passenger Compartment
80
Power Dines: Not Guilty
Electromagnetic Fields Unlikely Culprits in Childhood
Leukemia, Says New Medical Study Magnetic fields
generated by electric power lines near houses don't
appear to cause childhood leukemia, an authoritative
new m dicai study has concluded.
The research by the National Cancer Institute is
expected to ease fears about the hazards of exposure
to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). It also provides
credible new information that real estate practitioners
can usc to protect themselves from liability in
transactions involving properties near high - voltage
power lines.
Practitioners have long- standing concerns about being
named in lawsuits by buyers claiming they hadn't been
adequately warned about the potential health hazards
of electric lines near their house. Also, practitioners
someti es have difficulty marketing houses near power
Ii nes b cause of public anxiety about possible dangers.
The ne study, which was published recently in The
New& Oandjournal of Medicine, was conducted over
an eig -year period and involved more than 1,200
childre 1, 638 of whom were diagnosed as having acute
lymph blastic leukemia, the most common childhood
cancer. The other children, used for comparison, didn't
have the disease. Earlier studies depended on estimates
of EMF exposure, whereas National Cancer Institute
researchers used instruments to take one -day EMF
measu es in kitchens, family rooms, and bedrooms.
Children with cancer were not exposed to EMFs that
were stronger or more long - lasting than those
experienced by the other participants, the study
"Based on our results, is [EMF] likely to be an important
cause of childhood leukemia? The answer is no," says
Dr. Ma ha Linet, the lead researcher, in an article in the
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUFAM SERVICES
actSheet National Institutes of Health
Magnetic Field Exposure and Cancer: Questions and Answers
Key Points
• Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are areas of energy that surround any electrical
device. EMFs are produced by power lines, electrical wiring, and appliances
(see Question 1).
• Electric fields are easily shielded or weakened by walls and other objects, whereas
magnetic fields are not. Since magnetic fields are more likely to penetrate the body,
they are the component of EMFs that are usually studied in relation to cancer
(see Question 1).
• Overall, there is limited evidence that magnetic fields cause childhood leukemia, and
there is inadequate evidence that these magnetic fields cause other cancers in
children (see Question 2).
• Studies of magnetic field exposure from power lines and electric blankets in adults
show little evidence of an association with leukemia, brain tumors, or breast cancer
(see Question 3).
• Past studies of occupational magnetic field exposure in adults showed very small
increases in leukemia and brain tumors. However, more recent, well - conducted
studies have shown inconsistent associations with leukemia, brain tumors, and breast
cancer (see Question 4).
1. 1 What are electric and magnetic fields?
Electricity is the movement of electrons, or current, through a wire. The type of electricity that runs
through power lines and in houses is alternating current (AC). AC power produces two types of fields
(areas of energy) --an electric field and a magnetic field. An electric field is produced by voltage,
which is the pressure used to push the electrons through the wire, much like water being pushed
through a pipe. As the voltage increases, the electric field increases in strength. A magnetic field
results from the flow of current through wires or electrical devices and increases in strength as the
current increases. These two fields together are referred to as electric and magnetic fields, or EMFs.
Both electric and magnetic fields are present around appliances and power lines. However, electric
fields are easily shielded or weakened by walls and other objects, whereas magnetic fields can pass
through buildings, humans, and most other materials. Since magnetic fields are most likely to
penetrate the body, they are the component of EMFs that are usually studied in relation to cancer.
The focus of this fact sheet is on extremely low- frequency magnetic fields. Examples of devices that
emit these fields include power lines and electrical appliances, such as electric shavers, hair dryers,
computers, televisions, electric blankets, and heated waterbeds. Most electrical appliances have to be
turned on to produce a magnetic field. The strength of a magnetic field decreases rapidly with
increased distance from the source.
2. 1 Is there a link between magnetic field exposure at home and cancer in children?
Numerous epidemiological (population) studies and comprehensive reviews have evaluated magnetic
field exposure and risk of cancer in children (1, 2). Since the two most common cancers in children
are leukemia and brain tumors, most of the research has focused on these two types. A study in 1979
pointed to a possible association between living near electric power lines and childhood leukemia (3).
�19�tl�11�
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Among more recent studies, findings have been mixed. Some have found an association; others have not.
These studies are discussed in the following paragraphs. Currently, researchers conclude that there is limited
evade ce that magnetic fields from power lines cause childhood leukemia, and that there is inadequate
evide ce that these magnetic fields cause other cancers in children (2). Researchers have not found a
consis ent relationship between magnetic fields from power lines or appliances and childhood brain tumors.
In one large study by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Children's Oncology Group, researchers
meas red magnetic fields directly In homes (4). This study found that children living in homes with high
magn tic field levels did not have an increased risk of childhood acute lymphobiastic leukemia. The one
excep ion may have been children living in homes that had fields greater than 0.4 microtesla (pT), a very high
level t at occurs in few residences. Another study conducted by NCI researchers reported that children living
close to overhead power lines based on distance measurements were not at greater risk of leukemia (5).
To est mate more accurately the risks of leukemia in children from magnetic fields resulting from power lines,
resear hers pooled (combined) data from many studies. In one pooled study that combined nine
well-conducted studies from several countries, including a study from the NCI, a twofold excess risk of
childhi iod leukemia was associated with exposure to magnetic fields above 0.4 pT (6). In another pooled
study hat combined 15 studies, a similar increased risk was seen above 0.3 pT (7). It is difficult to determine
if this evel of risk represents a real increase or if it results from study bias. Such study bias can be related to
the se ection of study subjects or possibly to other factors that relate to levels of magnetic field exposure. If
magnetic fields caused childhood leukemia, certain patterns would have been found such as increasing risk
with ir creasing levels of magnetic field exposure.
Anoth r way that people can be exposed to magnetic fields is from household electrical appliances. Several
studie have investigated this relationship (2). Although magnetic fields near many electrical appliances are
higher than near power lines, appliances contribute less to a person's total exposure to magnetic fields. This
is because most appliances are used only for short periods of time, and most are not used close to the body,
whereas power lines are always emitting magnetic fields.
In a detailed evaluation, investigators from NCI and the Children's Oncology Group examined whether the use
of household electrical appliances by the mother while pregnant and later by the child increased the risk of
childh od leukemia. Although some appliances were associated with childhood leukemia, researchers did not
find ar y consistent pattern of increasing risk with increasing years of use or how often the appliance was used
(8). A few other studies have reported mostly inconsistencies or no relation between appliances and risk of
childh od cancer.
Occupational exposure of mothers to high levels of magnetic fields during pregnancy has been associated with
childhc od leukemia in a Canadian study (9). Similar studies need to be done in other populations to see if this
is indeed the case.
3. Is these a link between magnetic field exposure in the home and cancer in adults?
Althou h several studies have looked into the relationship of leukemia, brain tumors, and breast cancer in
adults xposed to magnetic fields in the home, there are only a few large studies with long -term, magnetic
field m asurements. No consistent association between magnetic fields and leukemia or brain tumors has
been a tablished.
The majority of epidemiological studies have shown no relationship between breast cancer in women and
magnetic fields from electrical appliances. Recent studies of breast cancer and magnetic fields in the home
have included direct and indirect magnetic field measurements. These studies mostly found no association
betweE n breast cancer in females and magnetic fields from power lines or electric blankets (10, 11, 12, 13),
A Norm egian study found a risk for exposure to magnetic fields in the home (14), and a study in
Africa - American women found that use of electric bedding devices may increase breast cancer risk (15).
4. Is these a link between magnetic field exposure at work and cancer in adults?
Several studies conducted in the 1980s and early 1990s reported that people who worked in some electrical
occupations (such as power station operators and phone line workers) had higher than expected rates of some
types of cancer, particularly leukemia, brain tumors, and male breast cancer (2). Some occupational studies
showed very small increases in risk for leukemia and brain cancer, but these results were based on job titles
and not actual measurements. More recently conducted studies that have included both job titles and
3.46
4/21/05
Page 2
individual exposure measurements have no consistent finding of an increasing risk of leukemia, brain tumors,
or ferr ale breast cancer with increasing exposure to magnetic fields at work (14, 16, 17, 18).
S. What have scientists learned from animal experiments about the relationship between magnetic
field exposure and cancer?
Animal studies have not found that magnetic field exposure is associated with increased risk of cancer (2).
The absence of animal data supporting carcinogenicity makes it biologically less likely that magnetic field
exposures in humans, at home or at work, are linked to increased cancer risk.
6. Where can people find additional information on EMFs?
The N tional Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ( NIEHS) Web site has information about EMFs and
cance , as well as information and publications related to the EMF Research and Public Information
Disse (nation (RAPID) Program. NIEHS can be contacted at:
s: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Post Office Box 12233
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
one: 919- 541 -3345
TTY: 919 -541 -0731
webcenter@niehs. nih.00v
at Web site: http: / /www.niehs.nih,ciov
Note: I Information about cancer risk and EMFs emitted from hand -held cellular phones (i.e., microwave
freque cies) can be found in the NCI fact sheet Cellular Telephone Use and Cancer Risk, which is available at
httn-/ www.cancer_oov /cancertooics /factsheet /Risk /cellDhones on the Internet.
Selected References
1. Ahlborn A, Cardis E, Green A, Linet M, Savitz D, Swerdlow A. Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF
and health. Environmental Health Perspectives 2001; 109(6): 911 -933.
2. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. Volume 80: Non - ionizing radiation,
Part 1 Static and extremely low- frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields. IARC Working Group on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 2002: Lyon, France.
3. Wertheimer N, Leeper E. Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. American Journal of
Epidemiology 1979; 109(3): 273 -284.
4. Linet I IS, Hatch EE, Kleinerman RA, et al. Residential exposure to magnetic fields and acute lymphoblastic
leuker ila in children. The New England Journal of Medicine 1997; 337(1): 1 -7.
5. Kleine man RA, Kaune WT, Hatch EE, et al. Are children living near high voltage power lines at increased risk
of acu a lymphocytic leukemia? American Journal of Epidemiology 2000; 15: 512 -515.
6. Ahlbom A, Day N, Feychting M, et al. A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. British
Journ /of Cancer 2000; 83(5): 692 -698.
7. Greenland S, Sheppard AR, Kaune WT, Poole C, Kelsh MA. A pooled analysis of magnetic fields, wire codes,
and ct ildhood leukemia. Childhood Leukemia -EMF Study Group. Epidemiology 2000; 11(6): 624 -634.
8. Hatch EE, Linet MS, Kleinerman RA, et al. Association between childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and
use of electrical appliances during pregnancy and childhood. Epidemiology 1998; 9(3): 234 -245.
9. Infante-Rivard C, Deadman 3E. Maternal occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields
during pregnancy and childhood leukemia. Epidemiology 2003; 14: 437 -441.
10. Schoenfeld ER, O'Leary ES, Henderson K, et al. Electromagnetic fields and breast cancer on Long Island: A
case-CDntrol study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2003; 158: 47 -58.
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Page 3
INDIANA
POWER°
A unit ofAmerican EI ctric Power
Indiana Michigan Power
2929 Lathrop Street
South Bend, IN 46628
IndianaMichiganPower.com
Mr. William Schalliol
South Bend Redevelopment Commission
227 W. Jefferson Suite 1200
South Bend, IN 46601
Frida , September 07, 2012
RE: Alternate Feed Service for Union Station Properties, 506 W. South St, South Bend,
Indiana, 46601
Dear $ill,
This agreement is between Indiana Michigan Power and the South Bend Redevelopment
Commission for the 12470 volt alternate feed service for 506 W. South Street, South
Bend, Indiana, 46601.
The S uth Bend Redevelopment Commission agrees to pay the "estimated" cost of
$165,000 for all and only the costs associated with the construction of a 12470 volt
prim y alternate feed service. This service will be coming from I &M's West Side
subst tion. This cost is an estimated cost and will have actual costs once the job is
It is agreed and understood that, if the South Bend Redevelopment Commission alters the
terms of this Agreement after acceptance date, this Agreement may be voidable at the
discretion of Indiana Michigan Power Company.
in full must be made before work will be released to the line department for
ion. This payment can be in a form of a purchase order.
Date
Name:
Title:
Company Use:
Date Accepted:_
Accepted by:
Title:
Payment Received:
�AE
INDIANA
3'IO �R AI
A unit ofAmerican !
Power
Mr. William Schalliol
South Bend Redevelopment Commission
227 W. Jefferson Suite 1200
South Bend, IN 46601
, September 07, 2012
Indiana Michigan Power
2929 Lathrop Street
South Bend, IN 46628
Indiana MichiganPower.com
RE: lternate Feed Service for Union Station Properties, 506 W. South St, South Bend,
Indi a, 46601
Dear
This agreement is between Indiana Michigan Power and the South Bend Redevelopment
Commission for the 12470 volt alternate feed service for 506 W. South Street, South
Bend, Indiana, 46601.
The S uth Bend Redevelopment Commission agrees to pay the "estimated" cost of
$165,000 for all and only the costs associated with the construction of a 12470 volt
primary alternate feed service. This service will be coming from I &M's West Side
substation. This cost is an estimated cost and will have actual costs once the job is
It is agreed and understood that, if the South Bend Redevelopment Commission alters the
terms of this Agreement after acceptance date, this Agreement may be voidable at the
discretion of Indiana Michigan Power Company.
in full must be made before work will be released to the line department for
ion. This payment can be in a form of a purchase order.
Date
Name:
Title:
Company Use:
Date Accepted:_
Accepted by:
Title:
Payment Received: