HomeMy WebLinkAbout8567-95 Establishig Historic Landmark Building 1601 Kemble Ave .1 .s
ORDINANCE No. 8567-95
Passed by the Common Council of the City of South Bend, Indiana_
January 9, r9 95
l
Attest: City Clerk
IRENE K. GAMMON
Attest: �,rc��' �' /_ / ``� President of Common Council
Presented by me to the Mayor of the City of South Bend, Indiana
January 10, iq 95
City Clerk
IRENE K. GAMMON
Approved and signed by me //7 Z ig gy
-'" Mayor
ORDINANCE NO.
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE ZONING ORDINANCE, AND ESTABLISHING AN HISTORIC
LANDMARK FOR THE BUILDING LOCATED AT 1601 KEMBLE AVENUE, IN THE CITY OF SOUTH
BEND, INDIANA.
Whereas, the Historic Preservation Commission of South Bend and Saint Joseph
County has petitioned for the designation of the following described real
estate as an Historic Landmark under the Ordinance No. 5565-73, as amended to
wit:
Lot # 42 in Beyerly's
1st Addition to the
city of South Bend, IN
Whereas, the Historic Preservation Commission of South Bend and Saint Joseph
County has recommended the designation of the BUILDING as an Historic
Landmark.
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA:
SECTION 1. That the above described BUILDING be, and it is here designated and
established as an Historic Landmark under Ordinance No. 5563-73, as amended.
SECTION 2. That this ordinance shall be in full force and effect from and
after its passage by the Common Council, approved by the Mayor and its
publication.
e •er of the Co .� � ncil
7
1601 KEMBLE AVENUE
THE FORMER TOTH STATE BANK
Historic and Architectural Significance
Historic Preservation Commission
of
South Bend & Saint Joseph County
November 1994
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NORTH SIDE VIEW
At the September 19, 1994 regular monthly meeting of the Historic Preservation
Commission of South Bend and St. Joseph County (HPC), the HPC voted
unanimously to send a favorable recommendation for the Local Historic Landmark
designation of the building located at 1601 Kemble Avenue to the South Bend
Common Council.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the HPC Local Landmark Criteria [1], it is the Historic Preservation
Commission's recommendation that the South Bend Common Council designate the
Building located at 534 LaPorte by ordinance as a Local Historic Landmark. The
building meets the criteria in at least four areas.
1) Its character, interest, or value as part of the development, heritage, or
culture of the City of South Bend or St. Joseph County, the State of Indiana,
or the United States;
2) Its embodiment of elements of architectural design, detail, materials, or
craftsmanship which represents an architectural characteristic or innovation;
3) Its educational value;
4) Its suitability for preservation;
The building fulfills criteria #1 as remaining structure identified with a
small independent financial institution based in an ethnic neighborhood from
the period of rapid financial development of the 1920s.
The building fulfills criteria #2 as an excellent example of a neighborhood
commercial structure from the 1920s rated Significant (S/11) in the Indiana
Historic Sites and Structures Survey featuring neo-classical details,
especially refined terre-cotta.[2]
The building fulfills criteria #3 as an excellent example of neighborhood
commercial architecture of the 1920s. Historical study of the building and the
individuals related to its early activities presents an interesting vignette
about the Hungarian-American population of South Bend and the effects of the
Great Depression of the 1930's on South Bend.
The building fulfills criteria #4 by the integrity of its original
construction with only minor and well conceived alterations.
ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION
The building is located at the southwest corner of Kemble Avenue and Indiana
Avenue, directly across the street from the original facade of the Oliver
School. It is a masonry bearing wall type structure with the street facades
executed in an orange brick with quoins at the corners and terre-cotta
details. The south and west walls, interior to the block are rendered in a
lower quality brick and absent the terre-cotta. The rear wall faces an alley
across a small paved area. This unadorned wall has been altered with overhead
doors for delivery access.
The largest part of the building plan is oriented to Kemble Street with a
symmetrically balanced entry facade. The Indiana Avenue side once featured a
commercial storefront toward the rear of the structure which has been filled
in to match the surrounding brick but lacks the terre-cotta detailing. The
windows at street level are multiple sash (three windows per aperture in most
cases presently visible). The section of the building originally occupied by
the bank is articulated with terre-cotta widow hoods and surrounds at each
corner of the occupied area. Intervening windows are enhanced by terre-cotta
squares at the corners of each window and terre-cotta diamonds in the
intervening walls between windows. The second story windows are typically
spaced pairs of double hung sash oriented to center on the window groups
below. These windows were presumably for office or apartment rooms.
The street facades are profusely ornamented with terre-cotta parapet coping,
cornice, stringcourse, window sills, relief panels with foliage motifs placed
above the above mentioned first floor window hoods, and water table. Where the
storefront wall has been filled in, the terre-cotta water table has been
imitated in concrete. The main facade is further decorated with a terre-cotta
relief panel depicting an eagle at the parapet above the main entry and arch
and pilasters surrounding the front doors.[3]
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
The Toth State Bank was organized May 2, 1921, with $50,000 of capital.[4][5]
The officers of the bank were: Frank Lassu, President; Toefil Drobny, Vice
President, George Toth, Cashier; Wilma Sabo, Assistant Cashier; and Joseph
Kovacs, Secretary. The Board of Directors was constituted by Frank Lassu,
Toefil Drobny, George Toth, Joseph Kovacs, Steve Gargacz, Steve Toth, and
Ferdinand Miholich. Of these, Lassu, the Toths, and Miholich were all native
Hungarians who had migrated to South Bend between 1900 and 1920. Drobny had
been born in Poland. Gergacz was the only member known to have been born in
South Bend.[6]
George Toth seems to have been the central figure of this group. He arrived in
South Bend in 1919 and married Elizabeth Kovacs who was probably related to
(sister of ?) Joseph Kovacs, an attorney who had migrated from Pennsylvania in
1912.[7] Toth listed his residence at 602 Chapin. This may have been an
apartment or a commercial location. All that we know about Steven Toth is that
he maintained a restaurant in this same vicinity at 544 Chapin. Toth seems to
have gathered his associates in a large part from this neighborhood. In 1921
Drobny maintained a Chiropractic practice at 502 Chapin. Gergacz and Miholich
were both proprietors of "buffet lunch" establishments at 810 and 1601 Prairie
Avenue respectively.[8]
In 1921, the year that the bank was formed, there were twelve banks and one
loan company listed in the City Directory. The first location of the bank was
located at the corner of Chapin and Ford Street which would place it at the
602 Chapin address earlier established as George Toth's residence, directly
across the street from the Oliver Chilled Plow Works.[9] The 1922 publication
South Bend World Famed states that ". . .all the directors are well and
popularly known in banking circles and to the people of all nationalities,
especially among the Hungarian, German, and Slav population of the district,
who took advantage of the banking facilities offered in their respective
neighborhood."
No historic structures remain in this district of the city which lay between
the Studebaker and Oliver industrial complexes. The building under present
consideration was constructed in 1924.[10] It was designed by W. W. Schneider,
a prolific architect who practiced in South Bend between 1896 and 1957.[11]
Nearly 80 extant structures in South Bend are credited to Schneider either
individually or in partnership including; the Natatorium, River Park Theater,
Knights of Pythias Building, and residences for many noteworthy South Bend
citizens including the Studebaker, Birdsell, and Cutter families. Works by
Schneider are also known in Mishawaka and Paw Paw Michigan.[12][13]
In addition to the Toth Bank on Kemble Avenue, this building also had space
for commercial tenants with the address 1006 Indiana Avenue. This space was
occupied by the South Side Electric Company from 1926 until 1928 when it was
occupied by Joseph Kohajda, a barber and John Schamski of unidentified
occupation. In 1929 this address is vacant, however six various occupants are
listed at 1006 1/2 Indiana including a dentist and beauty shop.[14]
The bank apparently did well as by 1929, George Toth is found residing at 1130
West Washington, a prestigious address at the time. Gergacz had also improved
his circumstances considerably having moved from his previous address in his
Prairie Avenue Gergacz Hotel to a very stately home at 739 West Washington.
[15] The New York Stock Market crash and ensuing bank panic in October of this
year, spelled disaster for the Toth State Bank and its depositors if not for
the officers personally. In March of 1930 the bank was declared insolvent and
closed with the management of liquidation being placed in the hands of the
Citizens Trust and Savings Bank.[16] During the next ten years, the Toth State
depositors would receive six dividend payments on their deposits amounting to
41% of their original deposits.[17] In December of 1936, a stockholders
protective committee was formed with Joseph Vaghy, chairman; Walter Eckler,
assistant chairman; Sam Berman, secretary; and Peter Nemeth, treasurer.[18]
George Toth seems to have weathered the crash of '29 without the total
destruction of his personal resources as in 1930 he and his wife purchased a
new home designed by H.R. Stapp at 1322 East Wayne Street North in the
fashionable new Sunnymede subdivision developed by Whitcomb & Keller.[19] In
1931 he was operating a real estate business out of the 1006 Indiana Avenue
address. By 1935, Toth had relocated his residence to a more modest home in
the Sunnymede subdivision at 1436 Sunnymede. By that time his business was as
an agent for the William Penn Insurance Association operating out of his home.
[20] This name may be related to the William Penn Club which was located on
Indiana Avenue in the same block as the Toth State Bank and counted several
Toth State Bank associates among its membership.[21] By this year, only three
banks and two loan companies survived in the city of South Bend.[22]
At the time of his death in 1967 at the age of 84 George Toth was the district
manager for the William Penn Insurance Association and had moved to 60140
South St. Joseph Street at the south edge of South Bend. Most of the other
officers and directors of the Toth State Bank survived into the 50's and 60's
as well.[23]
After the failure of the bank, its portion of the building remained vacant
until 1947 when the F&S Transit Company was listed at this address. This
occupancy was followed in 1949 by the South Bend Tool & Die Co. Inc.
Engineering Department which appears to have shared the building in some way
with Stream-Eze Inc. , a manufacturer of fishing tackle from 1950 through
1952.[24]
David B. Duvall
November, 1994
NOTES
1. Historic Preservation Commission Resolution No.3: Historic Landmarks
Procedure Historic Landmarks Procedure (July 14, 1975) .
2. City of South Bend Summary Report - Indiana Historic Sites and Structure
Inventory (South Bend: 1992) .
3. Indiana Historic Sites and Structures Inventory, survey card, 1601 Kemble
4. South Bend Tribune 3/9/22
5. Young, C.E. ed. , South Bend World Famed, 1922
6. Tribune (obit Frank Lassu) 9/29/52; (obit George Toth) 7/29/67; (obit
Toefil Drobny) 3/9/66; (obit Ferdinand Miholich) 2/20/52; (obit Steven
Gergacz) 7/7/69
7. Tribune (obit Joseph Kovacs) 10/31/44
8. City Directory, 1921
9. Sanborn Map Company, Insurance Maps for the City of South Bend, Indiana
10. Portage Township Assessor's data card
11. City of South Bend Summary Report (South Bend: 1982)
12. Indiana Historic Sites and Structures data base
13. South Bend 1905, author and publisher unknown
14. City Directories: 1926, 1927, 1929
15. City Directory: 1929
16. Tribune 4/12/30
17. Tribune 12/1/30
18. Tribune 12/1/36
19. Indiana Historic Sites and Structures Inventory, survey card, 1322 East
Wayne Street (N)
20. City Directory: 1935
21. Tribune (miscellaneous obits listed above)
22. City Directory: 1935
23. Tribune (obit George Toth) 7/29/67
24. City Directories: 1930 to 1952
AREA PLAN COMMISSION of ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, IN
RICHARD S. JOHNSON Executive Director ROBERT W. SANTE Assistant Director
i- 1140 COUNTY CITY BUILDING, SOUTH BEND, IN. 46601 (219) 235-9571 FAX (219) 235-9813
December 12, 1994
Mrs. Irene Gammon, City Clerk
4th Floor, County-City Building
South Bend, Indiana 46601
RE: Bill No. 116-94 Proposed designation of property located at 1601 Kemble Avenue as an
Historical Landmark.
Dear Mrs. Gammon:
The Staff of the Area Plan Commission has reviewed the Historic Preservation Commission's
proposed designation of the above property as an historic landmark with respect to the
relationship of said property to any capital improvements proposed for nearby rights-of-way,
easements or properties.
We find no proposed improvements that will conflict with this designation.
Sincerely,
..d W.. Byorni
enior Planner
cc: Historic Preservation Commission
Flied in Gm h, CA ice
DEC 1LII
IRENE CUAION
CITY CLi;s:,SO.RENO,IN.
Serving: South Bend, Lakeville, New Carlisle, North Liberty, Roseland and St. Joseph County, IN
Qtnmmltut ilrpurt
alp tilt Timm Qioutuil of tl r Min of*nutty Iamb:
Your Committee of the Whole
to whom was referred
BILL NO.
116-94 A BILL AMENDING THE ZONING ORDINANCE AND ESTABLISHING AN
HISTORIC LANDMARK FOR THE BUILDING LOCATED AT 1601 KEMBLE
AVENUE, IN THE CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA
Respectfully report that they have examined the matter and that in their opinion
This bill has been recommended to the Council favorable.
Cleo Washington, Chairman
FREE PRESS PUBLISHING CO.