Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutDocument 12801 New Carlisle To John Folks Spring Internship April 27 , 1983 The town of New Carlisle is situated on the central western edge of Olive Township , Section 34 , Range 1 West , Township 38 North . Overlooking the Terre Coupee prairie , the town sits upon a glacial shelf nineteen miles west of South Bend . The establishment of New Carlisle was due in large part to the opening of Michigan Road in 1827 , The first surveyed road through the area , it ran north from the Ohio River through Logan- sport to South Bend , where the route turned west toward Michigan City avoiding the Kankakee Swamp , traversing the Terre Coupee prairie . 1 The last segment of the road from South Bend to Michigan City is presently called Lincolnway West ( U . S . 20 ) . though within the New Carlisle town limits is considered Michigan -S-t-. Bourissa Hill , as the area was then called , was so named for Lazarus Bourissa (also Bourissau ) , a half-breed Indian who 2 owned the land and operated a trading post on the hill . It was from his children that Richard Risely Carlisle bought the land in 1836 . Carlisle platted the area , and named the streets Race , Arch , Filbert , Cherry , Chestnut and Front , af- ter his native city of Philadelphia . 3 The name of Carlisle Hill was given to the area until , in 1866 , the town was incorporated under its present name .4 The arrival in 1851 of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad spurred a period of rapid growth on Carlisle Hill that extended into the 20th century . During those decades , ten addi - tions were made to the town ' s original plat , indicating a steady pattern of expansion into the 1920is . 5 While establishing the hamlet as the commercial and trading center in the area , the I railroad by-passed the neighboring settlement of Hamilton , forcing it into obscurity . 6 By the spring of 1907 two electric lines were completed , and a station was built on Zigler St . to accomodate passengers . Both lines originated from South Bend . The Northern Indiana Interurban ran through La Porte to Michigan City .- The Chicago South Shore, apjr­� ran to Chicago and is still -operating today , The Interurban was forced out of business by 1932 . 7 Farming naturally became the area ' s leading industry because of the fertile prairie surrounding the town . Corn , wheat and grain were the staple crops , and a small flour mill was in operation by 8 1842 . Joseph Druliner , one of the first settlers in Olive Town- ship , owned and operated the mill which could produce ten to twenty barrels of flour a da 9 Y • Because milling was so profitable , a se- cond mill was constructed by Morton and Brown on Michigan St . Its capacity and productivity were three times that of the Druliner mill . After being destroyed by fire , the site of the mill was moved to Arch St . The only remnant of the milling industry in New Carlisle is Carl Zahl ' s grain elevator and feed mill on Arch St . built in 1949 10 There were extensive forests of Oak , Pine and Basswood cover- 1.,.art ing the Terre Coupee prairie when the first settlers arrived and lumbering -a-l-s-o_ .b-e-c-arse- a thriving industry . The first recorded saw mill in New Carlisle was the Ewers Mill . It was bought in 1880 by Owen Tippy and Samuel Miller , who then added a broom 11 yR"I( handle factory . The New Carlisle Lumber Co. / now stands on the former mill site . Other enterprises spawned by arealumbering 2 included wagon and carriage manufacturing ; cabinet making ; the manufacturing of excelsior , wood shavings used in matress stuf- fing and merchandise packing ; and oaken pork barrels , for which there was a great demand in Chicago . The industry died around the turn of the century as the forests were depleted , 12 The Animal By-Products Corporation is the oldest industry still operating in town . Founded in 1910 as a slaughterhouse , the company has been under the direction of the Locquyt family since 1951 . Today the Animal By-Products Corporation , which supplies animal fats in the form of proteins and tallow to the soap , chemi - cal and animal feed industries , also provides hide to the leather industry . 12a By 1875 , New Carlisle was considered the commercial , indus - trial , and cultural center of Olive Township . The town had be- come a regular stop on the stage coach route between Chicago and Detroit . Passengers could be accommodated at the hotel , which also housed a casino , saloon , and monument works . 13 An Opera House had been built , and the town ' s population of over 550 en- joyed the benefits of two doctors , two drug stores , several try goods shops , a grocery and a hardware store , and a harness and upholstery shop as well as various clothiers and booteries . 14 By this time , too , several town newspapers had been published since Charles Drapier ' s pioneer attempt in 1856 . Begun as a po- litical enterprise by Drapier , New Carlisle ' s first newspaper was soon replaced by the New Carlisle Recorder . In 1880 , a third paper , the New Carlisle Gazette , took its place and for twenty years R4bl-i—s-Ke-r George Fountain k-& - he town informed . A number of 3 newspapers came and went during the following decades , and des- pite the increased circulation of Chicago , South Bend and La Porte papers , the town continues to publish a weekly newspaper called the New Prairie Town Crier. 15 Permanent educational facilities were provided by 1861 , when , under the direction of Reverend John Leach , The Methodist 16 Collegiate Institute was constructed . Situated on a two acre parcel of land donated by Joseph Ivans , the three story brick build- ing stood at 300 Michigan St. 17 The town of New Carlisle even- tually bought the building from the church and in 1903 , the school property was deeded to Olive Township . Six years later , an additional school building consisting of an auditorium and class rooms for the high school , was built east of the Collegiate building . 18 By 1922 , the heavy cast iron bell in the attic of the older structure had weakened the walls , and it was torn down . The Collegiate Institute was replaced with a new , ten classroom faci 1 i ty and gymnasi um. The only vestige of i:4vat--e4i44--ce is a u 19 plaque marking �-s site which has been preserved as a park . The founding of the Collegiate Institute was in response to the growing population of the town , however, formal education in New Carlisle had already been established. Two lots west of the Institute site stands a small cottage that once housed the first school in the town . Built in -952 , the school also was used as a church , a Sunday School , and ,, for political meetings . 20 It was originally located on the southwest corner of Cherry and Front Streets , but was later moved to its pres;,nt site , 406 W . Michigan St . , and converted into a residence . This house is one of several historically and/ or architecturally significant buildings 4 located within a proposed historic district for New Carlisle . If realized , this district would include both commercial and residen- tial buildings as well as a diverse collection of American archi - tectural _ , styles . One style particularly well repre- sented in the town , is the Italianate , popular in American in the third quarter of the 19th century . The Ransom Hubbard house , located at 202 W . Front St . , is a very good example of the Italianate style . The impressive two story brick home was constructed in 1881 . The wealth and position of the Hubbard family , among the earliest settlers in Olive Town- ship , is evident by the elaborate exterior decoration , especially the applied wood porch details , and the sawn and cut Chalet style bracketing under steep gables, 4 probably an interpretation of architectural modes employed at the time on his native East Coast . 21 The polygonal bay windows under the north and south gables are also noteworthy . Typical of the style are the tall , segmental , hooded windows , and the belts-vedere situated on the northeast cor- ner of the house . Hubbard , whose family later established the Haven Hubbard Home ( now Hamilton Grove ) north of New Carlisle , was a very successful farmer in the area , and was elected three times to the office of County Commissioner . 22 The present owner , since 1951 , who also owns and operates the Watson Plate Shop , located at 135 E . Michigan St. in the town ' s commercial area . Originally owned by Francis B . Warner , the plate shop was constructed by Warner and Thomas Garoutte in 1874 . The two -story brick building was divided into two large rooms , the west room acting as Garoutte ' s dry goods store , and the east room as 5 Warner ' s drug store . 24 The Watsons ��purchased the entire building in 1951 from the Kellogg Drug Co . -A- l-rye-- examp-le of the• Italianate commercial style , the building has been well maintained and much of the original character of both the interior and the exterior has been preserved . The facade is marked by a projecting cornice deco- rated by alternating large and paired small brackets . The cast iron hood moldings are the only examples extant in the town ' s commer- cial area . To -the wes-r olo the plate shop to -tk-a—w-es-t at 123 E . Michigan St . is a unique example of a Queen Anne commercial building . The two story structure is characterized by a highly decorated cast iron oriel window , projecting from the second floor. Except for the triangular pediment which has been removed from above the oriel window , it remains unchanged and is especially interesting for the decorative frames and panels above and around the windows . The building was constructed by E . H . Harris in 1882 as a drug store . A third noteworthy commercial building constructed in 1880 as a dormitory house is located at 115 E . Michigan St . 25 Over the re- cessed doorway , and typifying the Italianate style are three round arched windows , trimmed with plain concrete keystones . Each of the bays are separated by cast iron fluted pilasters . Two additional and more contemporary buildings that merit attention in the town ' s commercial area are the Farmers State Sank building at 136 E . Michigan St . , and the New Carlisle and Olive Township Public Library at 126 E . Michigan St . The former bank building is unique for its simple classical and prairie style details of t h e brick a n d concrete facade , S-h-i-n�g I e d_...a ten_i-n g s- a b o v-e- t-h e w-i-n-d o w-s - 0 w �JJed-'1rr 1980 Before its construction in 1919 by a group of farmers disenchanted with the local banks , the New Carlisle Hotel stood on the site, uit- it was destroyed by fire in 1913 . 26 The library stands out as being the only Tudor Revival build- ing in the commercial area . The sub basement and bottom half of the main floor are built of brick ; the top half of the building is stucco and half timbering . Founded in 1902 by the Carlisle Clover Club , a literary and social organization in town , the li - brary 4-ihally- receivtn-T a grant of $9 ,000 from the Carnegie; , Foundation for the construction of the present building ,Ywas com- 27 pleted in 1921 . West along Michigan St . are two fine residential examples of the Queen Anne style , 129 and 214 W . Micigan St . The latter of the two homes is pros -c1 y- the most significant home of this particular style in New Carlisle . Built in 1893 by Andell Warner , the house is characterized by a hipped cross gable roof and ° front door hood , which is supported by large wood brackets . Featured are both a second story oriel window under the front gable , and a bay window topped by a leaded glass transom . The narrow mortar and horizontal running work on the facade subtly imply a lateral movement to the facade . This horizontal feeling is reinforced by the stone string course between the first and second stories . On the northeast corner of Michigan and Cherry Streets , sits t-die-rr� noteworthy Queen Anne residence . The stone rustication �L i-erg- the front facade of this home also trims the two small leaded windows which flank the s-to-ve chimney attached to the Gwest .4-_ Z 3 .,q,L a C LE lu."�[ 6-�o, Quu4t�ttiYU �Qe i�t.0,t-Ae la c si de of the structure . "� B-vth the �o��th- a rk f t ff"se a-r-&---t o p p e d. w i t_h o ra 1 1 g a b.l_ems--a-n-d-s-ma 1 i-e r- dormer windows- or p e rr i n g 7 ! /p/ •� n� f_�ant v f1arPd wnod_s innl4-"--gab The e1aborat-a-4-e.- e4 —Q--the_ front porch is notable ; paired ionic- pill-ars set on. _the roof, There is a carriage house in the rear. Across Cherry St . , at 201 W . Michigan St . , stands the Christian Community Church , one of two churches deserving special attention . The Romanesque Revival Church in a latin cross plan is particularly interesting for its open vestibule facing Michigan St . , characterized by three arched bays with a corbelled frieze above . Palladian windows light the east end of the structure contrasted with arched , stained glass windows marking the other ends . The three -story, bell tower sits atop the gable roof on the northeast side . Arched openings wra'p_ araun d three sides of the third floor of the tower* separated by cut stone Tuscan columns . This building was completed in 1927 under the direction of Reverend Raymond Zerby . It was originally established as a nondenominational church and occupies the former site of the Christian Church building . 28 Another significant church in New Carlisle is the Methodist church , now Emmanuel Temple . Designed in the Gothic Revival style , it was constructed in 1858 for $ 1 ,500 . T 1d-ing-way --raised--one h­a�-tory above ground 1 eve1 i n 1956 , provi-d1Trg--ro-M-fo"r a base— L me nt . 27 The church building Xocated at 127 W . Front St . , is noted for its stained leaded glass windows , and gold and red lancet windows in front . The projecting eaves are supported by paired brackets and the structure is topped by a square tower and a mas- sive stone chimney . Situated at 120 S . Filbert St . is a two-story, Prai ri e Style home , significant because it is the only example of this style 8 in New Carlisle . Though the architect is . unknown , the house , built in 1912 , resembles those designed by Ernest Young and Austin '-- Shambleau in South Bend. 30 The hip roof and wide overhanging eaves are typical of the style , as is the grey stucco facade . Pink wood trim , particularly above the foundation , accents the horizon- tal i ty oft4e st-y4-e-, as do the roof line and the occasional banding of windows . A nice example of Stick Style can be found at 130 Chestnut St . With the exception of the cuppola ( added in 1974) there have been few changes made on the large , three story structure since it was constructed in 1887 . The asymmetrical composition is highlighted by the seemingly functional stick m-e-r-k- or spindle work , especially along the front veranda and the third floor projecting balconies on the east and north sides . The surface variations , marked by thin horizontal clapboard siding and scalloped shingles , are ty- pical characteristics of the Queen Anne Style . ftte4­6 --t4i-e gives itir Lh a (est ve a Near-aTR�: I%Z In contrast to the ornate Queen Anne stands the o„ —one story , simple ,vernacular house located at 230 W . Michigan St . Though architecturally dwarfed by most of the homes in the proposed historic district , the George W . Matthews home is historically quite significant to New Carlisle . Constructed in 1835 , the building -rs' _ba-sed are q ar®--plan The front- porch +-a-s- spindle columns sup- porting a plain frieze , enhanced by small paired brackets_'4- -T-he front doorVis decorated in simple classical detail , with a co - vered transom and sidelights . Built by William Pelham to house his dry goods store and4home , it was the first commercial building in New Carlisle . 31 The following year , he sold the business and 9 the house to George Matthews , who kept it as a General Store , and residence . Within a year of his arrival , Matthews was elected Justice of the Peace and appointed the first Post Master of New Carlisle . Sharing quarters with the Post Office , he , his wife and his stepson , Schuyler Colfax lived here until the family moved to South Bend in 1841 where Matthews became County Auditor. 32 There is some discrepancy as to whether Schuyler Colfax , later to become Vice-President of the United States under U . S . Grant , actually lived in this house or in another house in town , since demolished . The--Mat-t-h-ews- home -continued - its dual role as residence and -bus-i-nes-s-,including a restaurant in 1924 . In 1959 the structure was re-established as the town ' s Post Office . 33 More recently , since the -present owners bought the house , it has been kept solely . as a residence---- Another influential family in New Carlisle was the Service family . Jeremiah Service was born in New York State and moved to Indiana in 1834 at the age of 22 . 34 He operated a dry goods store in town , Service and Sons bank , which was a privately owned insti - tution , and for one term represented the County in the State Legislature . His home , built in 1870 atop a, small hill on the a-v eastern edge of town , is wte-- gw i-car I t a 1 i a n a t e in New Carlisle . The two - story , brick residence is particularly noted for its cuppola , topped by a Moorish dome . &G4 -t4i+sr cuppola are the large , double brackets wade-r tie wide overhanging eaves the flat roof. The double wood columns and spindle p �4. r_ai_Li-n-ij are striking features of the richly decorated porch.---fit' stretches across the entire front of the house and is topped by a second story balcony . 10 Five years later , son George Service commissioned an Italianate style brick home to be ,constructd at 130 W . Michigan St . U-n-de-r Overhanging eaves , alternating large and small paired brackets , s u p p-o r--t t h e---f--Ta t roof. T" ... ; +^ b r a-E -s--a-rre--s et__...a`p i n s t a 0-a i_n' b-lack frieze and the contrast enlivens the roof line considerably . Cast iron hoods top both the doors and the windows . The first story entrance portico is supported by large Tuscan columns and is topped with wood A-sit+-1 porch ci dg^n_ ho-s.e,i-nte rest i-ng for the--el ab-or-ate wood --t-rimTn1-ng" be-rc&th ,,.t�phe F 1ina A-4 -Italianate style residence , --.&�� --ems -is the Theodore Borden home at 702 W . Mftigan St . 1-hough it li-es out- side the proposed historic di stri ct , the4 house t-y---a-very -n-i-ce--- p �Iz, --,f I a „ a t r_B�s.e�._�an_a�-_L s h a p e d.-�p-1 ate;- -h t l �; - l o rp, 4azo L- was constructed in 1868 . The brick walls ^o4 the-heuse are enhanced by brick pilasters which frame each bay-4- T-Fre round- arched wi ndows.r-& - el aborateir- hood. The front door is a double leaf wood panel door featuring a leaded glass transom in floral pattersn .. Though the front porch was removed , a side porch with spindle columns remains . Typefying the style are the projecting cornice line and paired brackets . u- n i e---r e-d--b r i-•c-k--,a-r.c -t h e -w-i n d.o-w._ s i 11 s-a_n d_,..w a t e r_ . a-re-trf--cut--sto-ne . Borden , who bui 1 t i t as a reti re- ment home , ran a hardware and tinware store in town . 35 Also located outside the proposed historic district , b-ut worthy of mention , is the New Carlisle Cemetery. Organized in 1863 , the Cemetery Association purchased two acres of land west of town on Mic1gan St . from Jeemiah Service . It was soon decided 11 amongst the trustees of the association that the cemetery be placed under the control and management of the Town of New Carlisle , and on August 13 , 1870 the deed officially changed hands . 36 There are presently 5 . 37 acres of cemetery plots , the area farthest south , closest to U . S . 20 marking the older graves . The first person buried in the cemetery is Mrs . Ida Treaswell who died in the fall of 1863 . A monument was erected soon afterward by the Women ' s Relief Corps commemorating those who participated in the Civil War . A second monument stands near the front gate honoring the unknown soldiers of World War I . There are several mausoleums in the cemetery as well , and a caretaker ' s shack . Some of the more prominent citizens of the town buried here are T . L . Borden , William Cassady , Jeremiah and George Service , Ransom Hubbard , the Brummitt family , ! vans family and Druliner Family . 12 FOOTNOTES 1 . History of St . Joseph County , p . 339 , Warner , Frank 2 . Watt , Margueritte McCord , Wade , Kathryn V . New Carlisle Service Printing Co . La Porte , Ind . ( c ) 1956 . The Story of Our Town . P . 20 3 . Ibid , p . 22 . 4 . South Bend Tribune , Jan . 22 , 1978 5 . County Records - Plots etc. 6 . Watt and Wade , p . 17 . 7 . Ibid . , p . 29 . 8 . Ibid , p . 56 9 . Ibid , p . 56 10 . Ibid . , p . 58 . 11 . Ibid . , p . 59 . 12 . Lucy Miller "My Town New Carlisle " New Prairie Town Crier July 24 , 1981 . 12a . South Bend Tribune Jan . 22 , 1978 . 13 . Watt and Wade , p . 44 . 14 . 1875 St . Joseph County Atlas 15 . Watt and Wade , p . 140 . 16 . Ibid . , p . 92 . 17 . Ibid . , p . 94. 18. 5bid . , p . 97 . 19 . Ibid . , p . 98 20 . Ibid . , p . 91 21 . Michiana Memories 22 . Miller , '' My Town , New Carlisle " p . 23 . 23 . Wart and Wade , p . 148 . 24 . Miller , p . 24 . 25 . Survey Card 26 . Miller , p . 430 27 . Watt and Wade , p . 87 . 28 . Ibid . , p . 830 29 . Ibid. , p . 85 . 30 . Survey cards 31 . Miller, p . 17 . 32 . Ibid . , p . 29 . 33 . South Bend Tribune - Jan . 22 , 1978 34 . Miller 35 . Watt and Wade 36 . Ibid . , p . 121 , 122 . 37 . Ibid . , p . 123. "New Carlisle " South Bend Tribune , January 22 , 1978 Mi chi ana Memories Miller, Lucy , "My Town New Carlisle" New Prairie Town Crier July 24 , 1981 . Warner, Frank , History of St . Joseph County Watt , Margueritte McCord ; Wade , Kathryn V . New Carlisle , The Story of Our Town . Service Printing Co . , LaPorte , Indiana ( c ) 1956 . A Reflection John Folks Spring Internship May 1983 As students , we take classes and participate in activities that obviously contribute to achieving a set career goal . The curriculum of an engineer or a business major is almost com- pletely directed toward landing a particular job. Then there is Liberal Arts education . Those of us who chose Liberal Arts did so either because we lacked a clear picture of where we were headed , or because we desired more to be educated than to be trained , I chose Liberal Arts for both these reasons . Though much of my academic work has yielded seemingly useless tools , I have no doubt that much of it I will need to recall in the future . I come to this conclusion because most of my work has been in areas that interest me very much , and these interests I will take with me wherever I go . There is also the possibility that these interests will lead me to a future career . Whether those academic pursuits ever come to fruition in a formal way through a job or a hobby is probably not as important as the more general benefits that I have gained from a Liberal Arts background . As I mentioned previously , I took Liberal Arts for two reasons , the latter and more important of which was to be educated . More likely than not the particular details that I ' ve learned in American Studies classes won ' t be useful in what I ' m doing careerwise , though the larger more general principles and skills of a Liberal Arts education will always complement any- thing I do . Two basic skills in particular I have learned and that will assist me in whatever I do are interpretation and communication . Interpretation of both written documents , including every - thing from novels to city records , and physical artifacts , encom- passing everything on the landscape . Embodied in this first skill is a refined eye for detail and for patterns , leading to con - clusions of social , cultural or personal value . These skills will enhance my understanding of Americans and their cultural variations , as well as an understanding of Parisians , Turks and Orientals , and each of their cultural similarities and differences . The better I understand people , the easier I can relate to them. My relationship with other people also depends on a second tool I have developed through a Liberal Arts education : a certain proficiency in written and oral communication . These are , with- out much doubt , two very powerful yet very basic modes of inter- personal communication . The exchange of ideas , information , and even plain old gossip is gratifying , fulfilling and sometimes just fun . Including someone else in on what I have discovered heightens my own entusiasm , especially if it served to enliven their in- terest in the subject as well . Communication in more ordinary circumstances is extremely important at home , with family ; on the job with colleagues ; or socially with peers . The need for better communication , on a larger scale , between peoples around the world is becoming increasingly acute . Admittedly most of us are more concerned with everyday relationships , but as Daniel Burnham said in defense of his 1909 urban plan for Chicago , "Make no little plans , " and for better of for worse , I am doomed to thinking in these larger terms . My work in New Carlisle , though not quite globally oriented , involved applying both of these skills of interpretation and communication and , most importantly , in a practical situation , 2 outside of a classroom environment . I was exposed in greater concentration to a third skill I had learned while doing detailed papers and projects , that of research . I have written many pa- pers and dug up information for class presentations and essays , but nothing I had researched previous to taking on this intern - ship compared with the digging I did for New Carlisle ' s architec- tural history . During the course of my work with the St . Joseph County Historic Preservation Commission , I have learned new ways of finding out information , and new places to look for it . Government records are one particularly useful tool . An indication of how quickly , how large and in what direction a town is growing can be found in plat addition records . By examining the dates of additions with respect to where they were platted and how large the parcels were , I could infer certain general facts about economic and agricultural activity , the age of buildings constructed on the plats , as well as deduce land- scape features and the environment conditions in and around the town . Street names can also indicate certain things about a town . The names of New Carlisle ' s original street , Race , Arch , Filbert , Cherry , Chestnut and Front were taken from Philaaelphia . As it turns out , Richard Carlisle , founder of the town , was from Philadephiia ai,d the familiar names prohably served to orient him in the strange Indiana wilderness , a far cry from his refined eastern city home . The second very useful research tool was to survey cards . On these sheets was a wealth of information running the gamut fromdate and mode of construction , to architectural style and 3 particular characteristics , to a small historical capsule about the owner and his home . Through these cards , I was to deter- mine why a given house was a valuable artifact , Many were significant for aesthetic or architectural beauty and purity , others were more important for the historical part they played in the town ' s history . All of them were important because they reflected something about the culture , about the ideas in the minds of people at that time . Art is a very interesting mode of cultural interpretation , and architecture is certainly a form of c_rt ; and because it is more practically designed than a painting or a piece of sculpture , a building can tell us more directly about the people living at the time . The house is , after all , the center of activity for the family , the basic social unit . As one part of the whole , the family and their environment could be considered a microcosm of the midwest or even of the United States . New Carlisle has a very interesting history , and some very beautiful homes . The thrust of my research was aimed toward communicating to the people of New Carlisle as well as to various government agencies and historians alike , that there is in this mid-western town something very valuable and worth preserving . Nineteen significant buildings are still standing and are in good condition . A proposed historic district has been presented to the town and hopefully m research will contribute to the a op y y realization of this district , which would protect these cultural artifacts . I realize that I have emphasized the historical rea- sons preserving these buildings . We are often times reminded of 4 the necessity of looking forward into the future , but what better way to predict the future than by the past . J 5