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OFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK
KAREEMAH FOWLER,CITY CLERK
COMMUNITY RELATIONS FEBRUARY 1, 2017 5:30 P.M.
Committee Members Present: Regina Williams-Preston, Karen White
Jorden Giger(Citizen member),
LaQuita Hughes (Citizen member)
Committee Members Absent: Randy Kelly, Gavin Ferlic
Other Council Present: Jo Broden
Others Present: Pastor Hardie Blake, Kelly Hoggard
Agenda: Presentation from Jessica Bonnano from the
Democracy Collaborative about their work in
cooperative business models as a means of building
community wealth and ending income inequality
Committee Chair Regina Williams-Preston called the meeting to order at 5:31 p.m. Committee
Chair Williams-Preston introduced members of the committee and explained how different the
meeting was going to be in regards to how the meeting was going to flow. Engagement, learning,
and educating were the main themes Committee Chair Williams-Preston wanted to highlight for
the meeting's objectives. She stated, We'll have a couple community members talk about the
work they are already doing in regards to the issues being brought up, have the presenter give a
bit more information, and then have an opportunity for you all to engage with one another and
close the meeting sharing the feedback from the citizens to the committee. Committee Chair
Williams-Preston reminded the committee and citizens the meeting is public,recorded, and
going into the record, so it is an important part of how people in the community have a say in
what happens and how things move in the City going forward.
Committee Chair Williams-Preston explained the community sign-in sheet which was circulated
to all citizens in attendance and went on to announce the topic of the meeting to be Community
Wealth Building. She referenced the Alice Report done by United Way that found fifty-three
percent (53%) of people living in South Bend are at or below the poverty line,to which she
found incredibly unacceptable. We talk about the problem a lot,but this is an opportunity to
address that problem. Community Wealth Building focuses on the principle to invest in people,
specifically the traditionally marginalized groups of inner-city residents. She then went on to
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reference Mayor Pete Buttigieg's executive order signed last year supporting the City of South
Bend's Diversity and Inclusion Initiative. She believes it to be an important document because it
looks at real ways to address the issues that are constantly talked about. She read an excerpt from
enable each and the document, We believe that we must every individual to reach their full
potential. In order to do that, we must erode the barriers that exist...We must work intentionally
to incorporate into the whole those persons, or groups, who have historically been
underrepresented and underserved by the government...The Office and Director of Community
Investment will invest in people to create opportunities for everyone to thrive."
Committee Chair Williams-Preston then showed a video titled `The Cleveland Model,' found
here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v--s_kLye-6VBc
The video calls upon what are defined as `anchor institutions' —i.e. local non-profits such as
hospitals, universities, municipal governments—and challenges them to invest in people starting
cooperative organizations within their local community.
Kelly Hoggard, 735 Huey St.,talked about the 1,000 homes in 1,000 days initiative and the
effect of that initiative in his immediate neighborhood. There are people, young people,who
want to work on solutions to unemployment and homelessness. He referenced the Cleveland
Model and how it has expanded to Rochester,NY, highlighting the fact that Rochester has a
progressive mayor who has allocated funding toward vacant properties. He then stressed the
importance of finding people with gravitas and grass-root experience to champion the idea of a
Community Land Trust in specific areas.
Pastor Hardie Blake, 144 N. Summit, shared his idea termed `Blakenomics.' Current programs
like Project Impact work with ex-offenders, unemployed persons, and homeless persons in effort
to transform their lives, primarily looking for jobs for these individuals. Blakenomics focuses on
creating wealth for the whole community, as opposed to just a few people, from the bottom up,
making the poorest of people the actual owners of businesses. A possible way of accomplishing
this would be to offer stock shares or savings incentives for these individuals by attending
classes that teach economics and personal finance knowledge.
Jessica Bonnano, Cleveland, OH, introduced herself as the presenter of the evening representing
the Democracy Collaborative, a think-tank organization that publishes and promotes different
community economic development strategies that emphasize equity and inclusion. Primarily,
they rely on broad-based ownership as a best practice strategy, while also recognizing how
different communities have different outcomes. She shared her experience in Notre Dame
graduate school and her excitement to be back in the city. She stated her hope of sharing some
national best practices to spark conversation and thought toward implementing something similar
in South Bend. The presentation title is Community Wealth Building (CWB), a term used by the
Democracy Collaborative to describe an approach to economic development that emphasizes
broad-based ownership,place-based development strategies and seeks to produce more inclusive
outcomes. Two (2)principles that are fundamental to CWB: The first principle recognizes the
relationship between system structure and system behavior—the structure will determine the
behavior. Because behavior produces outcomes, system structure indirectly affects the outcome.
The key lever in system structure is ownership,the second principle to CWB. Ownership matters
because the people that own assets are the ones directly affected when decisions or investments
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are made. A dominant business model currently being utilized in society is the investor-owned
corporation. Though that is not inherently a bad thing, sometimes the needs and priorities that
face the investors may be different or even conflict with the needs and priorities of the
communities in which those businesses are located, the workers or even the consumers of that
business. So broad-based ownership structure helps disperse the concentration of needs and
priorities to have other types be considered. Broad-based ownership means more people's
priorities and needs are being met. She then played a video in the presentation that can be found
on the South Bend Common Council's website. In the video,the concepts of inequality and
community wealth building were addressed by focusing on a new system of economic
cooperatives.
Ms. Bonnano stated Community Wealth Building is a systems approach to economic
development with the goal being to create an inclusive economy built on local and broad-based
ownership. This is achieved by tapping large sources of demand, fostering enterprises rooted in
the community, all around trying to create a cumulative system where communities thrive and
families enjoy greater economic stability. She noted that CWB is not an oppositional to the
traditional way of economic development, rather it is more supplemental and complimentary.
She went on to describe the importance of ownership by way of capturing the flow of all the
economic benefits and harnessing the power of decision-making. A slide brought up in the
presentation showed the Continuum of Wealth Building Strategies. This continuum showed the
importance of micro-enterprise for individual wealth building. Whatever the importance may be,
there are still those that are not able to participate in entrepreneurship for it takes a tremendous
amount of assets, resources, capital and connections. CWB focuses on other ways for individuals
to acquire entrepreneurship without having access to those aforementioned variables. For
example, raising a pool of capital and having twenty (20) or thirty (30) employee-owners spreads
the risk, necessary investment but also spreads the overall number of people benefited by the
profitability.
Ms. Bonnano transitioned by explaining a few different types and models of broad-based
ownership. The first model described was a Community Land Trust. A Community Land Trust
(CLT) is when a non-profit or some other community-based organization gets together, raises a
pool of capital, buys some land and uses the land for housing development, business
development or another purpose toward the community's specific problem they intend to
address. Another broad-based ownership model is public ownership. These are municipal
enterprises, owned by residents and taxpayers, are for-profit businesses that are set up to provide
goods and services and operate like regular companies, but their profits go back into the public
treasury. This allows the community to have revenue generated and also allows the company to
offer lower rates, competing with already existing traditional companies. Employee-owned
businesses is another broad-ownership model of business. Employee-owned businesses include
workers cooperatives and are, by definition, owned by the people that work for them. Another
employee-owned business model is an ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan.) Worker
Cooperatives and ESOPs are the two (2) most common employee-owned business structures.
The ESOP is actually a trust, it is set up as a tax-advantage retirement plan for employees. The
trust structure owns the business to varying percentage ratios (twenty percent(20%),thirty
percent(30%), or otherwise.) Publix Supermarket is an example of an ESOP. A worker
cooperative is a more direct ownership where all the controlling stock and voting stock is owned
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by the workers, principled in the understanding of`One member, one vote.' This means that
every person that works there is only able to own one share of stock. The CEO down to the
cashier, all own the same amount of stock and decision power. There has been a lot of research
to document the benefits of employee-owned companies. Folks that work in employee-owned
companies are benefitting economically. When employees think like owners, that has an impact
on productivity, stability and profitability.
Ms. Bannano then referenced the upcoming Baby Boomer retirement wave. Having entered the
first part of the wave, there are an estimated 150,000—300,000 businesses currently owned by
Baby Boomers that, within the next fifteen(15) years, will be up for sale. Many of these business
owners do not have a succession plan in place. This is an opportunity to encourage a transition to
employee-ownership models. Midwest Orthotics is a South Bend example of an ESOP structure.
She then went on to describe her experience with worker cooperatives in Cleveland and how that
project came together. It was a multi-stakeholder community wealth building initiative and one
of the most nationally visible examples of this concept. Cleveland, like South Bend,has
experienced a lot of disinvestment over time. There is an area called the Greater University
Circle Area in Cleveland where approximately fifty thousand (50,000)residents are living at or
below the poverty line. There is a high vacancy rate, high school drop-out rate, unemployment
rate, most all of which are indicators for poverty. Nearby this area is the University Circle Area,
and it is one of the most prosperous areas of Cleveland because that is where the largest anchor
institutions are located. Anchor institutions is a term used to describe large, usually non-profit,
institutions that aren't going away. For example in South Bend,that might be Notre Dame or IU.
Also since de-industrialization,these institutions tend to be the greatest economic engines for the
community. However when looking at a map, it seems as though the economic benefits or
prosperity are not so much spreading to the immediately surrounding neighborhoods. This was
identified as a key problem, but also an opportunity to leverage assets to help those struggling
communities. These institutions,partnering with the city government, the community foundation
created a package of comprehensive investments in infrastructure, transportation, and housing.
One of the interesting projects that came out of that was the Evergreen Cooperative Initiative.
The anchor institutions in Cleveland thought about how they could do more local and inclusive
hiring. They set up programs in workforce development and pipeline recruitment to attract and
recruit folks from the surrounding communities so they weren't just hiring people from the
suburbs. By looking at the supply chain of the anchor institutions, they found business
development opportunities to create companies in the local community that can hire traditionally
marginalized persons from within that local community. The Cleveland Foundation started the
initial conversations with the anchor institutions. For example the two (2)hospitals,University
Hospital and the Cleveland Clinic, identified that they produce a lot of laundry and linen, and
created the Evergreen Cooperative as an industrial laundry facility. Philanthropy by way of$6
million was set in a revolving loan fund by the Cleveland Foundation to start the process.
Ms. Bonnano then went on to share the statistics of the impacts and early outcomes of the project
in Cleveland. She revealed the recent opportunity for the Evergreen Cooperative Laundry
employees to vote on renewing the contract of their managing Chief Executive Officer.
Antonius Northern, 234 Rue Flambeau, asked the presenter,Has a cooperative initiative ever
addressed a food scarcity issue or poverty issue?
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Ms. Bonnano answered that in regard to the food scarcity issue, these initiatives are still just
businesses. Solving a food scarcity issue relies heavily on that business' execution. In regard to
poverty, an example of that being addressed and reduced is the Basque region in Spain. This area
of Spain has traditionally been marginalized. They began setting up cooperative businesses.
Since creation, they now have international companies.
E-Lexus Thornton, IUSB Student, asked, So you're putting businesses into communities that are
owned by the communities, and these communities are putting money in the businesses and it's
coming back to them. Why not take it a step further and put community center banks there as
well? That way people can make their own businesses from there and have the community
flourish even more?
Ms. Bonnano agreed.
Kevin Hoggard, 125 W. Marion St., asked Committee Chair Williams-Preston, Is there a South
Bend Foundation?
Committee Chair Williams-Preston answered that while there is a foundation, it is the St. Joseph
County Community Foundation. She also stated that it was recognized as one (1) of the top one
hundred (100) in the nation in terms of assets.
Ms. Bonnano concluded that Community Wealth Building is a systems approach to economic
development that is designed to try and think about ways to broaden economic benefits and
participation in asset building. Taking inventory of what resources the City already has is key to
moving forward. Strengthen support networks in the anchor institutions. Aim to keep wealth
local.
Committee Chair Williams-Preston thanked the presenter and entertained a five (5) minute recess
to informally caucus with one another. She posed three (3) discussion questions to the body:
Which model resonated with you? What local stakeholders need to be at this table? What things
are already going on that we might want to bring together to align our efforts?
[RECESS]
Committee Chair Williams-Preston brought the meeting back to order at 7:15 p.m.
Antonius Northern, 234 Rue Flambeau, stated, One of the things I was noticing was when we
talk about wealth,we get this warm and fuzzy feeling, because we think of wealth as being
something already built up sufficiently enough that it doesn't need to be touched. But I think a
lot of the concepts being talked about today fits better into the term equity. The reason why I say
that is because when I think about a cooperative, I think about the term equity. I can relate that to
home ownership or any other type of ownership. When you think about owning a home, you're
stilling paying into that through mortgage payments. The reason that concerns me is because I
think a large number of people are concerned with sustainability. You're concerned that all
individuals have access to the things they really care about. This community in particular is
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concerned about homelessness and food scarcity. What we are talking about though are these
models that don't actually eliminate the problem. What we are looking for is a system to make
sure everyone has a bed. For example,just being a member of the Purple Porch Co-op doesn't
deal with the issue of food scarcity. When I heard community wealth, I was hoping we were
getting ready to have a conversation about how we can make sure that individuals always have
that specific thing. The Land Trust situation is the recommendation that our group would give.
Bill Doug, Southwood Ave., stated, Toward the end of the thousand (1000)home in thousand
(1000) days study,they got to the question We're going to have all these lots, what do we do
them? There was mention of a land bank solution. The last election for mayor, they were asked
that in a debate and his only answer at the time was We don't have an answer, we need to get
people back together and talk about it. I'm simply suggesting that I like that idea,that we have a
cooperative ownership of these vacant properties and somehow feed it into the other structures
that will make the best use of it for the best benefit for the most people.
Anne Mannix, 724 W. Washington Blvd., stated, We talked about job creation and I liked the
idea of the house-cleaning cooperative. There are a lot of women in the community that are
underemployed and making fifteen($15) dollars an hour would be a great thing. I think there is a
need for services connected to people's homes. We've got older people that need help,working
mothers that could pay someone to clean, a lot of middle class people. As far as the land banks, I
think it's a great idea. We have been very interested in getting the city to do that for a couple
years. I work on the thousand (1000)houses and I don't think there's much interest in the land
bank in the city so we would have to work on that a lot. They do have a big resource like the
Business Development Corporation and I think they have a very large amount of money that's
not invested and is just sitting there. Maybe we could get a little bit of that and do a feasibility
study. Big employers that have a need for services should be at the table for this conversation.
E-Lexus Thornton, IUSB Student, stated, I like what Antonius was saying about sustainability in
our community. I like what you're saying, it's a good seed to plant, but what we have to focus on
next is how we stem from that. We've got people who are appointed to businesses in the
community, at what point do people in the community start making their own businesses and
tracking people from outside the community to come in and make more money as a whole? So
that's what I'm thinking about as far as development. So I like what you're saying, it maintains,
but maintaining isn't really what we're striving for. We are striving to over achieve. I believe
there need to be plans that keeps it going as far as the money coming in, as far as people getting
better houses, as far as people getting better pay, it could be better. We could stem to SciTech,
science and technology, clean energy, better schools, destroy justification completely so
everybody could live.together to create absolute equity.
Danielle Wood, 133 Wakewa Ave., stated, Admittedly I missed most of the presentation because
I was teaching, but I come from a background of working with cooperatives. I think it's a very
nimble model, but we need to think about starting intentionally at a leverage point that is
population driven. Who are those that have the hardest time getting living wages in our
communities and targeting a business development program that ensures that they are getting
that living wage and starting small and trying to grow from there. There are so many approaches
you can take,but we need to focus on single mothers, or ex-offenders, or a particular group that
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is challenged in our community. Living wages to that group have multiplier affects throughout
the community.
Pastor Hardie Blake stated, A cooperative uses the word cooperation. We don't have a common
unity community and we don't have poor people participating. There's always going to be a top
down, but when I'm talking about Blakenomics I'm talking about systemic. Capitalism creates
wealth, but it also creates poverty. The system has to change so it doesn't create poverty; instead
of saying, If you build it,we will come. I'm saying if you come, we will build it. If I can't get
you to come and participate at no cost, I'm not going to be able to participate. I'm talking about
poor people, at a cost they can afford. Most of them aren't going to come and listen to this stuff.
Everything everyone is saying has to be a part of it. We have to give the poor people something
to be owners of, and they will be participants.
Marty Wolfson, 7809 Park Ave., stated, One of the problems in traditional development models
is that it leaves out whole communities and particularly communities of concentrated poverty
and black and brown communities. One of the positive aspects of the Blakenomics is that he is
trying to concentrate on the African American community. [Addressing the presenter] I wonder
if you could take a brief minute and share with us some of the ways the Cleveland Model tries to
address this?
Ms. Bonnano replied, Sometimes I'm asked if the cooperatives in Cleveland have quotas or strict
guidelines around who is hired and the answer is no they don't. However, they have a goal to
hire exclusively from the surrounding neighborhoods and accept those that may have traditional
barriers to employment such as low literacy, low skill, re-entry issues and others that keep them
from other job opportunities. Companies have had to deal with trade-offs. For example, we have
a large international refugee population that lots of folks were interested in including in this
program. And so do we want to make opportunities available for that community if it takes away
from the community members that have been there for generations?How do we think about that?
There are decisions that have to be wrestled with.
Marilon Gachaw, 2514 W. Kenwood, stated, I have two (2) questions. First question, is it
possible to receive a copy of the presentation?
Committee Chair Williams-Preston replied it will be posted on the city's website.
Marilon Gachaw asked Kelly Hoggard about the Kennedy Neighborhood Association and asked
to connect.
Gabrielle Robinson, 1012 Riverside, agreed that neighborhood associations are tremendous
community resources.
Councilmember Jo M. Broden stated, City government has a redevelopment commission where a
lot of these decisions about dollars are made and rarely anyone from the public is there. If you
want to track some of these decisions, go and learn more about it. We can get that information to
you through the Clerk's Office as a follow up to this meeting. Knowing the structures of
government that deal with this area is important. On February 14'h at 6:00 p.m. they will be
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looking at a Responsible Bidder resolution, learn more about it, it's taking a look at the use of
taxpayer dollars on public works projects. St. Mary's College Women's Entrepreneurship
Initiative is an organization that should be at the table of future discussions. There's not a
cooperative model yet for that organization, but the Economic Development Department has
kin at it for possible area of funding. The Indiana Economic Development
been looking p g p
Corporation is tasked with small business development. This summer there was a tremendous
conference that the Indiana American Planning Association and the Indiana Association for
Community and Economic Development hosted and one of the key organizations focused on
models like these. How can we broaden out the opportunities across the entire community? The
fourth(0) district has benefitted from the NNRO and the support of the neighborhood. As a
community we will all thrive if the development is balanced.
Committee Chair William-Preston encouraged the public to forward any follow up to the Clerk's
Office, as well as the email of citizen member Jorden Giger at giger.jorden @gmail.com. She
then announced the Community Relations Committee will be meeting every month on the first
Wednesday.
Committee Chair Williams-Preston adjourned the Community Relations Committee meeting at
7:48 p.m.
Res jW lly Submitted,
Re lliam s-Preston, Chairperson