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HomeMy WebLinkAbout08/01/94 Board of Public Works Minutes1Y 1 1 1 REGULAR MEETING AUGUST 1, 1994 The regular meeting of the Board of Public Works was convened at 9:34 a.m. on Monday, August 1, 1994, by Board President John E. Leszczynski, with Mr. Leszczynski, Mr. James R. Caldwell and Mrs. Jenny Pitts Manier present. Also present was Board Attorney Mrs. Anne Bruneel. APPROVE MINUTES OF PREVIOUS MEETING Upon a motion made by Mrs. Manier, seconded by Mr. Caldwell and carried, the minutes of the regular meeting of the Board held on July 25, 1994, were approved as submitted. OPENING OF BIDS - CAR WASHES FOR CITY VEHICLES This was the date set for receiving and opening of sealed bids for the above referred to service. The Clerk tendered proofs of publication of Notice in the South Bend Tribune and the Tri-County News which were found to be sufficient. The following bids were opened and publicly read: WIEGAND'S AMOCO 111 East Ireland Road South Bend, Indiana 46614 Bid was signed by Mr. Joseph J. Wiegand, Non -Collusion Affidavit was in order, Non -Discrimination Commitment form was completed and a Cashier's Check in the amount of $160.00 was submitted. BID: 3. Wet Wash only, 1-100 units per month $1.99 each 4. Wet Wash only, 100 or more units per month $1.99 each TOWN & COUNTRY AMOCO 3627 East McKinley Avenue South Bend, Indiana 46615 Bid was signed by Ms. Mary M. Misialik, Non -Collusion Affidavit was in order, Non -Discrimination Commitment form was completed and an Official Check in the amount of $160.00 was submitted. BID: 3. Wet Wash only, 1-100 units per month $1.99 each 4. Wet Wash, 100 or more units per month $1.99 each Upon a motion made by Mrs. Manier, seconded by Mr. Caldwell and carried, the above bids were referred to the Police Department for review and recommendation. OPENING OF QUOTATIONS/AWARD - SIDEWALK & CURB REPAIRS - FIRE STATION NO. 4 Mr. Leszczynski noted that this was the date set for the receiving and opening of sealed Quotations for the above referred to project which entails the repair of sidewalks and curbs along Olive Street and installing curb ramps on Olive Street and Linden Street adjacent to South Bend Fire Station No. 4 at 220 North Olive Street. The following Quotations were opened and read: L. L. GEANS & SONS, INC. 13550 East Jefferson South Bend, Indiana Quotation was signed by Mr. Rocky R. Geans, President. QUOTATION: $22,389.41 ME REGULAR MEETING AUGUST 1, 1994 ZIOLKOWSKI CONSTRUCTION, INC. P.O. Box 1106 South Bend, Indiana 46624 Quotation was signed by Mr. Ben Ziolkowski, President. QUOTATION: $21,280.05 MARVIN A. CRAYTON CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC. 305 South Lake Street South Bend, Indiana 46619 Quotation was signed by Mr. Marvin A. Crayton, President. QUOTATION: $19,427.98 Upon a motion made by Mr. Leszczynski, seconded by Mrs. Manier and carried, the Quotations received were referred to the Division of Engineering for immediate review and recommendation. Mr. Carl P. Littrell, Director,_Division of Engineering, informed members of the Board that he has reviewed the three (3) Quotations received and recommends that the Board award the Quotation submitted by Marvin A. Crayton Construction Company, Inc. Mr. Littrell noted that the bid of Marvin A. Crayton contained errors in computation but was still the low Quotation submitted in the amount of $19,287.23 Therefore, Mrs. Manier made a motion that the Quotation of Marvin A. Crayton, in the amount of $19,287.23, be awarded. Mr. Caldwell seconded the motion which carried. - ASBESTOS ABATEMENT - 216 E. KEASEY & 225 E. PENNSYLVANIA - SOUTHEAST REDEVELOPMENT AREA SITE CLEARANCE PHASE I - STRUCTURE REMOVAL PACKAGE I It was noted that this was the date set for the submission of Quotations for the above referred to project. Work to be performed shall include furnishing all labor, services, insurance and equipment to abate asbestos contained in exterior siding on the structures located at 216 East Keasey Street and 225 East Pennsylvania Avenue. The following Quotation was opened and read: SPECIALTY SYSTEMS OF SOUTH BEND, INC. 1408 Elwood Avenue South Bend, Indiana 46628 Quotation was signed by Mr. Joe W. Taylor, President. QUOTATION: $11,817.00 Mr. Leszczynski made a motion that this Quotation be referred to the Division of Engineering for review and recommendation. Mr. Caldwell seconded the motion which carried. OPENING OF QUOTATIONS - LEVEL CONTROLS MODIFICATION I/N KOTE LIFT STATIONS NO. 1 THOUGH NO. 4 This was the date set for the receiving and opening of sealed Quotations for the above referred to project. The project will include the removal of the existing bubbler level control system and replacement with a new pressure transducer control system. The following Quotations were opened and read: FLOW -TECHNICS, INC. 593 North William Street Thorton, Illinois 60476 Quotation was submitted by Mr. Royce E. Hamende, Jr. 1 1 REGULAR MEETING AUGUST 1, 1994 QUOTATION: $27,265.00 Note: Specifications imply using new control enclosures on stations 2,3, & 4. If Flow - Technics, Inc. uses existing enclosures, deduct $2,700.00 for a total bid price of $24,565.00. GASVODA & ASSOCIATES, INC. 1530 Huntington Drive Calumet City, Illinois 60409 Quotation was submitted by Mr. J. R. Gasvoda, President. QUOTATION: $22,843.00 Upon a motion made by Mr. Caldwell, seconded by Mrs. Manier and carried, the Quotations were referred to the Division of Engineering and the Division of Environmental Services for review and recommendation. ADOPT RESOLUTION NO. 32-1994 - WRITE OFF OF UNCOLLECTIBLE AMBULANCE SERVICES OUTSTANDING ACCOUNTS Fire Chief Luther Taylor submitted to the Board a Resolution which will write off the ambulance services' outstanding accounts which are considered to be uncollectible for the year 1991. This action will close the books for 1991. Chief Taylor noted that during 1991, the City of South Bend billed a total of $877,563.50 for ambulance services. The total amount to be written off for 1991 is $211,656.24. This results in $665,907.26 in revenue or seventy-six per cent (76%) collection rate for 1991. Chief Taylor stated that keeping in mind that the national average collection for emergency ambulance services is sixty per cent (60%) to sixty-five per cent (65%), he feels that the City's collection rate of seventy-six per cent (76%) shows the effort that is being put into their collections. The procedure for ambulance billing is to turn the account over to a collection agency after one hundred twenty (120) days from the date of service. After the collection agency exhausts every effort to collect these accounts, they are written off. The list attached to the Resolution represents those accounts considered uncollectible. Therefore, Mr. Caldwell made a motion that the Resolution which has been submitted be adopted. Mrs. Manier seconded the motion which carried and the following Resolution No. 32-1994 was adopted: RESOLUTION NO. 32-1994 WHEREAS, the City of South Bend, through its Emergency Medical Services Department, charged the persons listed on the attached documents for ambulance services; and WHEREAS, the charges have not been paid to the City of South Bend after at least three notices were sent to the person who received the services; and WHEREAS, the Credit Bureau of South Bend and Mishawaka has made every attempt to collect the aforementioned charges and has not been successful; and WHEREAS, the Indiana State Board of Accounts has instructed the City to write off all uncollectible accounts after every attempt to collect them has been made; and It 422 REGULAR MEETING AUGUST 1, 1994 .WHEREAS, the City of South Bend by and through its Board of Public Works, desires to write off the accounts listed on the attached documents. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, by the Board of Public Works of the City of South Bend that the attached documents totaling $211,656.24 be written.off the accounts receivable of the City of South Bend as uncollectible. Dated: August 1, 1994 BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS s/John E. Leszczynski s/James R. Caldwell s/Jenny Pitts Manier ATTEST: s/Sandra M. Parmerlee, Clerk APPROVE CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT - STUDEBAKER LOT #10 - 1424 S. LAFAYETTE - UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK REMOVAL Mr. Leszczynski advised that in accordance with the bid awarded on July 18, 1994, to Warner & Sons, Inc P.O. Box 87, Elkhart, Indiana, in the amount of $3,220.00 for the above referred to project, a Contract in said amount was being submitted for Board approval. Upon a motion made by Mr. Caldwell, seconded by Mrs. Manier and carried, the Contract was approved. APPROVE ASSIGNMENT OF RECEIVABLES DUE UNDER CONTRACT - NIMTZ PARKWAY LANDSCAPING PROJECT Mr. James Riggs, Department of Community and Economic Development, submitted to the Board a document entitled "Assignment of Receivables Due Under Contract" in conjunction with the Nimtz Parkway Landscaping Project and asked for the Board's approval. The Assignment is signed by Mr. Donald Willson of Willson's Nursery and Landscape Company. Board Member Mrs. Manier reminded members of the Board that on July 6, 1994 they awarded a bid to Willson's Nursery for the Nimtz Parkway Landscaping Project. At this time, Willson's Nursery is asking the City to assign their right to payment to the First Citizens Bank. Mrs. Manier noted that the Contract makes clear that this assignment is subject to all rights of subcontractors, and the like. Also, the rights of any and all subcontractors, and such under the contract to any sums paid to Willson's Nursery by or on behalf of the City take priority over any assignment here of said sums to First Citizens Bank. Mr. Leszczynski made a motion that this Assignment be approved. Mrs. Manier seconded the motion which carried. APPROVE REQUESTS TO ADVERTISE FOR THE RECEIPT OF BIDS: - CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL APARTMENTS - SITE DEVELOPMENT - EDISON WATER TREATMENT PLANT RENOVATIONS Mr. Carl P. Littrell, Director, Division of Engineering, on behalf of the Department of Community and Economic Development, requested permission to advertise for the receipt of bids for the construction of curbs, walks, parking lots and other improvements for the Central High School Apartments. Mr. Littrell noted that the plans have been developed by the Alexander Group and the specifications have been prepared by the Division of Engineering. Additionally, Mr. Littrell, requested that the Board advertise for the receipt of bids for the Edison Water Treatment Plant Renovations Project. Mr. Littrell advised that the plans and specifications for this project have been approved by the Water Works and are being reviewed by the Legal Department and Division of Engineering. REGULAR MEETING AUGUST 1, 1994 Mr. Leszczynski made a motion that these requests be approved. Mrs. Manier seconded the motion which carried. AWARD BID - ONE (1) COMBINATION JET RODDER/VACUUM MACHINE WITH CAB AND CHASSIS Mr. Matthew Chlebowski, Director, Division of Equipment Services, requested that the Board award the bid of Deeds Equipment Company, Inc., 8015 East 45th Street, Lawrence, Indiana, for one (1) Peabody Myers Vactor, Model 2110 in the amount of $157,625.00 as follows: Vactor Model 2110 with trade-in $155,980.00 Accumulator (not needed) DEDUCT: $ 1,500.00 Air Purge System (not needed) DEDUCT: $ 650.00 SUBTOTAL: $153,830.00 Add on options: - Complete Vactor, 12 mo. extended warranty $ 2,000.00 - Stanley BR67 Breaker with 25' hose $ 1,795.00 TOTAL OPTIONS: $ 3,795.00 NET TOTAL WITH OPTIONS: $157,625.00 Mr. Chlebowski noted that the bid of Deeds was not the lowest bid received for this equipment. An explanation for not accepting the low bid submitted by Best Equipment Company, Inc., in the amount of $151,855.00 is as follows: The bid for a Vac -Con Model 390THA/1000 submitted by Best Equipment does not meet the City's advertised specifications in several areas. By not meeting the specifications in the areas listed below, they compromise operator safety, require more maintenance and is less productive: 1. FRONT ROTATION HOSE REEL The City specified that controls will be supplied on both sides of the hose reel allowing the operator to work from either side of the unit. Best Equipment bid controls on only the drivers side of the hose reel therefore not meeting the specifications. This hose reel is mounted on the front of the truck and can rotate from side to side 180 degrees. With controls on the drivers side only, when the hose reel is rotated in that direction, the operator is standing in the traffic lane with no protection from the truck. Best Equipment could have bid this as an option but chose not to in order to keep their bid low. 2. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR DRIVE The City specified a direct drive system without the use of V-Belts, sheaves or jack shafts. Best Equipment bid a Vac -Con system that includes two (2) sets of three (3) belts each driven through a cross shaft. This type of system will require more maintenance than a direct drive system. Vac -Con lists in their brochure but not their bid an option of a hydro static drive for the centrifugal compressor. They state that this option provides fewer moving parts and eliminated P.T.O.'s, clutches and transmissions for reduced maintenance. Mr. Chlebowski stated that in his opinion, Best did not bid this option in an effort to have their unit come in as low bid. 3. HIGH PRESSURE WATER SYSTEM The City specified that the high pressure water system operate at 35 GPM and 60 GPM at a continuous 2,000 P.S.I. On the vactor model 2110 the change in GPM while 424 REGULAR MEETING AUGUST 1, 1994 maintaining the 2,000 P.S.I. is accomplished by turning a control knob at the operators station. On the Vac -Con Model 390THA/1000 the change in GPM while maintaining the 2,000 P.S.I. is accomplished by changing the size of the hose (600 ft.) and the nozzle size or by changing the stuffing boxes, plungers and packing in the water pump which are items not supplied in the bid. Whichever method used would be very time consuming and decrease productivity. Mr. Chlebowski further noted that the following are additional areas that did not meet specifications: Vac -Con uses three (3) steel fans instead of two (2) aluminum fans. The pick-up hose rotation is a gear type drive instead of hydraulic cylinder. High pressure water pump belt driven not hydraulic as specified. No heat exchanger for hydraulic oil as specified. No monitor light to indicate when designed flow or pressure is exceeded. Rear engine gauges on traffic side of truck. - Vac -Con did not bid options or extended warranties. Mrs. Manier made a motion that the recommendation be accepted and the bid be awarded to Deeds Equipment in the amount of $157,625.00. Mr. Caldwell seconded the motion which carried. REQUESTS REFERRED: Upon a motion made by Mr. Leszczynski, seconded by Mrs. Manier and carried, the following requests were referred to the appropriate City departments and bureaus for review and recommendation: OF ST IN AND HOSPITAL TO CLOSE A PORTION OF MADISON 'ION WITH FUNDRAISING EVENT - OCTOBER 22 1994 Ms. Mindy Jane Miller, Chief Operating Officer, Madison Foundation, Inc., Madison Center and Hospital, On the Race, 403 East Madison Street, South Bend, Indiana, advised that they will be conducting a fundraiser entitled "Million Dollar Salmon Run" on Saturday, October 22, 1994. The event will be held in the Madison Center parking lot and also along the East Race. Ms. Miller advised that they will be releasing nine inch (911) plastic fish -shaped bottles into the East Race for a chance to win $1,000,000.00 and other gifts and prizes. Therefore, Ms. Miller requested permission to close Madison Street from their parking lot entrance to the river, from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on October 22, 1994. FOR DESIGNATED HANDICAPPED PARKING SPACE AT 442 SOUTH KOSCIUSZKO STREET Mrs. Audrey Dudek, 442 South Kosciuszko Street, South Bend, Indiana, requested that the parking space in front of her residence be designated as a handicapped parking space. Mrs. Dudek stated that her husband is a double amputee, dialysis patient and has congestive heart disease and it has become 1 1 1 REGULAR MEETING AUGUST 1, 1994 almost impossible to park her car near the house in order to transport him to his numerous doctor appointments. Ms. Sharon Konopka, 1346 East Monroe Street, South Bend, Indiana, on behalf of the Monroe Street Committee, submitted to the Board an Application For Use Of And Blocking Of Access To Public Right -of -Way For A Party Or Similar Event, requesting that the 1300 and 1400 blocks of East Monroe, from Sunnyside to Twyckenham, be closed from 3:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Saturday, August 20, 1994 for their annual block party. ? A.B.A.T.E. OF INDIANA TO CONDUCT • 4; a --m z15 LE RIDE Mr. Ed Arelt, P.O. Box 693, North Liberty, Indiana and Mr. Harold Grebe, 1925 Faith Avenue, Bremen, Indiana, advised that on Sunday, September 4, 1994, A.B.A.T.E. of Indiana, Region I, will be sponsoring a benefit motorcycle ride for Muscular Dystrophy. Each participant pledges a minimum of twenty dollars ($20.00) to ride. All of the proceeds collected from this event are donated to the Muscular Dystrophy Association. Over five hundred (500) motorcycles participated in the St. Joseph County ride in 1993. Therefore, Mr. Arelt and Mr. Grebe requested the assistance of the City and permission to bring the ride through the City of South Bend. The ride will begin at the Crumstown Conservation Club'at 12:00 noon on Sunday, September 4, 1994 and will proceed on the route as submitted with the request. OF "VISIONS" TO CLOSE THE 200 BLOCK OF SOUTH MICHIGAN STREET, IN CONJUNCTION WITH EVENT AT _HEARTLAND CLUB - AUGUST 21 1994 Mr. Patrick D. Mulroy, Producer/Director, Visions, 3030 Windsor Court, Elkhart, Indiana, advised that on Sunday, August 21, 1994, they are producing an event at Heartland Club at 222 South Michigan Street for the 1995 Holiday Rambler Dealer Congress. In conjunction with that event, several new recreational vehicle models will be introduced to the dealers in front of the Club. In order to accomplish this, they are asking that the 200 block of South Michigan Street be closed to public traffic from 5:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. on this date. FOR DESIGNATED HANDICAPPED PARKING SPACE AT 2103 SOUTH HIGH STREET Mr. William Pickens, 2103 South High Street, South Bend, Indiana, submitted a letter to the Board requesting that the parking space in front of his residence be designated as a handicapped parking space. Mr. Pickens noted that he is crippled and has difficultly getting a parking space in front of his walkway. OF VERKLER, INC. TO TEMPORARILY CLOSE WASHINGTON STREET, FROM ST. JOSEPH TO MICHIGAN, IN CONJUNCTION WITH CONSTRUCTION OF HALL OF FAME PROJECT Mr. David A. Mankowski, Vice -President, Construction Management Services, Verkler Incorporated, P.O. Box 3608, 4406 Technology Drive, South Bend, Indiana, requested the temporary closure of Washington Street, between St. Joseph and Michigan Street, on the following dates to accommodate the following structural erection sequence in conjunction 426 REGULAR MEETING AUGUST 1, 1994 with the College Football Hall of Fame Project: Activity Erect river level structural Erect street level precast Erect balance of structural Date Requirements steel August 8 - August 12 August 15 - August 19 steel August 22 - August 26 Mr. Mankowski noted that closure would occur on these dates during normal working hours between 7:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Every attempt will be made to open this street on weekday evenings and weekends. Equipment staged on Washington Street during closure would be a crane and systematic unloading of material off flat-bed trucks during the erection sequence. TO CLOSE BIRDSELL, FROM FASSNACHT TO THE ALLEY, FOR BLOCK PARTY - AUGUST 27, 1994 Ms. Mary K. Crawford, 513 Birdsell Street, South Bend, Indiana, submitted to the Board an Application For Use Of And Blocking Of Access To Public Right -of -Way For A Party Or Similar Event, requesting that Birdsell, from Fassnacht to the alley, be closed from 12:00 noon to 7:30 p.m. on Saturday, August 27, 1994 for the 500 Club Block Party to welcome new members. APPROVE REQUESTS: OF SLICE OF LIFE TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A FLORAL GARDEN ON THE N.W. CORNER OF WESTERN AVENUE AND CHAPIN STREET TO CLOSE NAVARRE STREET, FROM PORTAGE TO LELAND, FOR NATIONAL NIGHT OUT AGAINST CRIME EVENT - AUGUST 2 1994 Mr. Leszczynski advised that the request of Slice of Life, submitted to the Board on May 16, 1994, and the request to close Navarre Street, submitted to the Board on July 18, 1994, have been reviewed by the appropriate City departments and bureaus and approval is recommended. Therefore, Mr. Caldwell made a motion that the recommendations be accepted and the requests be approved. Mrs. Manier seconded the motion which carried. FILING OF APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATE OF PUBLIC CONVENIENCE AND NECESSITY Mr. Leszczynski advised that the Board is in receipt of an Application for Certificate of Public Convenience as submitted by Walter and Patricia Jones, 5019 Bloomfield Place, South Bend, Indiana, to operate a taxi service. Therefore, Mr. Caldwell made a motion that the application of Mr. and Mrs. Jones be accepted for filing and that a Public Hearing be scheduled, at which time, the Board will hear from the Jones' concerning this application. Mrs. Manier seconded the motion which carried. APPROVE RELEASE OF CONTRACTORS BOND Mr. Larry D. Spradlin, Division of Engineering, recommended that the Bond of Contractor for John Armstead be released effective August 1, 1994. Mr. Caldwell made a motion that this recommendation be accepted and the bond be released. Mrs. Manier seconded the motion which carried. FILING OF CERTIFICATE OF INSURANCE Upon a motion made by Mr. Leszczynski, seconded by Mr. Caldwell and carried-, a Certificate of Insurance for Marvin A. Crayton Construction, 305 South Lake Street, South Bend, Indiana, was accepted for filing as submitted. 1 1 1 1 REGULAR MEETING AUGUST 1, 1994 APPROVE TITLE SHEETS: SOUTHFIELD LOT 2 (SEWER/WATER/STREET) EDISON WATER TREATMENT PLANT RENOVATION (WATER) CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL APARTMENTS Upon a motion made by Mrs. Manier, seconded by Mr. Caldwell and carried, the above referenced Title Sheets were approved and signed. FILING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN-UP OF LOTS REPORTS Mr. Leszczynski advised that the Department of Code Enforcement has submitted two (2) lists containing nine (9) City owned and miscellaneous properties which were cleaned by the Department from July 11, 1994 to July 18, 1994. Mr. Leszczynski made a motion that the lists as submitted be accepted for filing. Mr. Caldwell seconded the motion which carried. APPROVE CLAIMS Mr. Kevin Horton, City Controller, submitted claims in the amount of $1,813,878.82 and recommended approval. Additionally, Mr. Juan Manigault, Executive Director, WDS of Northern Indiana, submitted a list containing claims in the amount of $91,585.08 and recommended approval. Also, the following claims were submitted for approval: JTH BEND BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS OF FAME _ UCTI PAYMENT REQUISITION Claim No. 6 Payee: Verkler, Inc. 4406 Technology Drive South Bend, Indiana 46601 Amount: $8,200.00 Claim No. 7 Payee: Verkler, Inc. 4406 Technology Drive South Bend, Indiana 46601 Amount: $9,725.03 Claim No. 8 Payee: Willson's Nursery & Landscape P.O. Box 266 LaPorte, Indiana 46350 Amount: $1,900.00 Claim No. 9 Payee: Ritschard Brothers, Inc. 1204 West Sample Street South Bend, Indiana 46619 Amount: $68,402.19 Claim No. 10 Payee: Hagerman Construction Corporation P.O. Box 10690 Fort Wayne, Indiana 46853-06 Amount:' $65,626.00 Claim No. 11 428 REGULAR MEETING AUGUST 1, 1994 Payee: St. Joseph Valley Structural Steel 1203 Kent Street P.O Box 4511 Elkhart, Indiana 46514-4511 Amount: $27,740.00 Claim No. 12 Payee: O. J. Shoemaker, Inc. 1008 Lincolnway East South Bend, Indiana 46624 Amount: $40,432.00 Claim No. 13 Payee: Exhibit Concepts, Inc. 700 Crossroads Court Vandalia, Ohio 45337 Amount: $89,656.63 Claim No. 15 Payee: Verkler, Inc. 4406 Technology Drive South Bend, Indiana 46628 Amount: $16,400.00 Claim No. 16 Payee: Verkler, Inc. 4406 Technology Drive South Bend, Indiana 46628 Amount: $18,600.42 Mr. Leszczynski made a motion that the claims be approved and the reports as submitted be filed. Mrs. Manier seconded the motion which carried. ADJOURNMENT There being no further business to come before the Board, upon a motion made by Mr. Leszczynski, seconded by Mrs. Manier and carried, the meeting was adjourned at 9:48 a.m. BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS E 1 / %-)!' � � I 6)Jenny P't s Manier, Member AT ST: Sandra M. Parmerlee, Clerk