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HomeMy WebLinkAboutBid Award - Fremont Splash Pad - WA Smith1316 COUNTY -CITY BUILDING 227 W. JEFFERSON BOULEVARD SOUTH BEND. INDIANA 46601-1830 �50U7'H 8F Al F U ^� b ca PMACF. � 9�. 1865 y' CITY OF SOUTH BEND PETE BUTTIGIEG, MAYOR BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS August 9, 2016 Mr. William Smith W. A. Smith, Inc. 15508 Prine Road Yoder, IN 46798 RE: Award Bid — Fremont Park Splash Pad Dear Mr. Smith: PHONE 574/235-9251 FAX 574/235-9171 The Board of Public Works, at its meeting held on August 9, 2016, awarded the above referenced project to you in the amount of $99,999.00. Enclosed please find a signed Bid/Proposal form. Please forward the following documents in one submittal by August 23, 2016 to my attention for Board of Public Works approval: 1) One (1) original of the Public Works Contract (enclosed) 2) Labor & Material Payment Bond 3) Performance Bond (125% of Bid Amount) 4) Certificate of Insurance naming the City of South Bend as an additional insured 5) Item #4 for all subcontractors you use If you have any further questions regarding this matter, please call this office at (574) 235-9251. Sincerely, Linda M. Martin, Clerk Enclosures c: John Martinez, Parks GARY A. GILOT DAVID P. RELOS ELIZABETH A. MARADIK JAMES A. MUELLER THERESE J. DORAU /("/ � ;x 45pU TA gE ,.. o ya CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA CONTRACTOR'S BID FOR PUBLIC WORK 1865 Project Name Fremont Park Splash pad Design & Install Project No. (PB18) For Bids Due 7/12/16 PART (Must be completed for all bids. Please type or print) Date: Bidder (Firm): Address: / S �c7 ��j/l� �6 City/State/Zip: >/LOel^ /y✓%J�'j'Telephone Number: �240 c{ r 7 7— Agent of Bidder (if Applicable): Pursuant to notices given, the undersigned offers to furnish labor and/or material necessary to complete the public works project of: the City of South Bend, Indiana in accordance with plans and specifications prepared by: and dated for the sum of (enter the Total Bid as shown on the Proposal) ViniY'% ��Jc1S /-1--ol-e n/i.,. 7'� 1v ($ ! (. mil` 2'!' �o ) (Enter sum of Total Base Bid plus Alternates shown on Proposal) (Numerical) The undersigned further agrees to furnish a bond or certified check with this bid for an amount specified in the notice of the letting. If alternative bids apply, the undersigned submits a proposal for each in accordance with the notice. Any addendums attached will be specifically referenced at the applicable page. If additional units of material included in the contract are needed, the cost of units must be the same as that shown in the original contract if accepted by the City of South Bend. If the bid is to be awarded on a unit basis, the itemization of the units shall be shown on a separate attachment. By 11—Ie�7 -<f—' (Signature) (Printed Name of Person Signing) ACCEPTANCE The above bid is accepted this i day of Subject to the following conditions: BOARD OF PUBLIC, NO K-S� �I ary Gilot, resi en t avid P. Relos, Me er iza eth A. �ik, Member Th a J. Dorau, Member James A. Mueller, Member ' Atte t: Linda M. Martin, lerk Version 7/31/2015 Contractor's Bid for Public Works - 2 20 BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA PUBLIC WORKS CONTRACT THIS AGREEMENT, made and entered into this 9th day of August, 2016, by and between, W. A. Smith, Inc., 15508 Prine Road, Yoder, Indiana 46798, HEREINAFTER called the "Contractor", and the Board of Public Works herein called the 'Board". WITNESSETH: That the Contractor covenants and agrees to make the following improvement, as fully set out in the Notice to Bidders, Standard Specification, Special Provisions, Plans, and Bid Proposal, all of which are set forth as a part of this Contract, for: DESCRIPTION: FREMONT PARK SPLASH PAD COMPLETION DATE: SEE SPECIFICATIONS AMOUNT: $99,999.00 FUNDING: PARK BOND The total bid for this improvement were those prices as received and accepted by the Board on the July 12, 2016. The Contractor further agrees to notify the Engineer when this improvement is completed. This notification shall be in the form of a Completion Affidavit, signed by the Contractor. Upon final acceptance of the improvement by the Engineer, the Contractors final estimate will be presented to the Board for final Payment with one (1) copy of the Completion Affidavit and one (1) copy of a Waiver of Lien. BO RD OF PUBLI W R Gary A. Gi ot, President Elizabeth A. aradik, ember W. A. SMITH, INC. Printed Name i av1�s.Membe�James A. Mueller, Member Signature Therese J. Dorau, Member test: Linda M.Mar-tin, Clerk CERTIFICATION (To be completed if Contractor is a Corporation) 1, certify that I am Secretary of the Corporation named as Contractor herein; that who signed this Agreement on behalf of the Contractor was then of said Corporation; that said agreement was duly signed for and in behalf of said Corporation by authority of its governing body, and is within the scope of its corporate powers. Secretary Corporate Seal 1316 COUNTY -CITY BUILDING 227 W. JEFFERSON BOULEVARD SOUTH BEND. INDIANA 46601-1830 O4 Sou T11g�" A d W PEACF� ,y 1865 CITY OF SOUTH BEND PETE BUTTIGIEG, MAYOR BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS August 9, 2016 Mr. Bill Favors Ziolkowski Construction, Inc. 4050 Ralph Jones Dr. South Bend, IN 46628 RE: Bid Award — Century Center CEO Suites — Suite 17 Remodel Project No. 116-010 Dear Mr. Favors: PHONE 574/235-9251 FAX 574/235-9171 The Board of Public Works, at its meeting held on August 9, 2016, awarded the above referenced project to Holladay Construction Group, LLC, in the amount of $218,062.00 for the Base Bid plus Alternates No. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6. Enclosed please find your bid bond. Thank you for bidding, and we hope you bid with us in the future. If you have any further questions regarding this matter, please call this office at (574) 235-9251. /Sincerely, Linda M. Martin, Clerk Enclosure GARY A. GILOT DAVID P. RELOS ELIZABETH A. MAP ADIK JAMES A. MUELLER THERESE J. DORAU 1316 COUNTY -CITY BUILDING 227 W. JEFFERSON BOULEVARD SOUTH BEND. INDIANA 46601-1830 CITY OF SOUTH BEND PETE BUTTIGIEG, MAYOR BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS August 9, 2016 Mr. James C. Snider Snider Recreation, Inc. 10139 Royalton Road Suite K North Royalton, OH 44133 RE: Bid Award —Fremont Park Splash Pad Dear Mr. Snider: PHONE 574/235-9251 FAX 574/235-9171 The Board of Public Works, at its meeting held on August 9, 2016, awarded the above referenced project to W. A. Smith, Inc., in the amount of $99,999.00. Enclosed please find your bid bond. Thank you for bidding, and we hope you bid with us in the future. If you have any further questions regarding this matter, please call this office at (574) 235-9251. Sincerely, Linda M. Martin, Clerk Enclosure GARY A. GILOT DAVID P. RELOS ELIZABETH A. MARADIK JAMES A. MUELLER THERESE J. DURAU Project Name Project No. For Bids Due BASE BID J450U lH gory � G BID/PROPOSAL z CITY OF SOUTH BEND '8 965 Fremont Splash Pad Design & Install PB18 7/12/16 Item No. Description P Quantity Unit Unit Price Total Amount 1 Design splash pad 1 2 Complete installation of new splash pad as per specs 1 Q9 3 (see attached spec sheet) 1 4 5 ALTERNATE#i BASE BID TOTAL 2 j 222 % "= Item No. Description P Quantity Unit Unit Price Total Amount 6 7 8 9 10 ALTERNATE #1 TOTAL N If Bidder (Firm): Si�l4l , T/,1 �/✓ e Address: /,e / , City/State/Zip: YgQel� /ri 67J'#ephone Number: (�Ityo) (9 5Y q( ?— By (Signature) (Printed Name of Person Signing) Version 7/31/2015 Contractor's Bid for Public Works - 7 When the prospective Contractor is unable to certify to any of the statements below, it shall attach an explanation to this Affidavit. CONTRACTOR'S NON -COLLUSION AND NON -DEBARMENT AFFIDAVIT, CERTIFICATION REGARDING INVESTMENT WITH IRAN, EMPLOYMENT ELIGIBILITY VERIFICATION, NOW DISCRIMINATION COMMITMENT AND CERTIFICATION OF USE OF UNITED STATES STEEL PRODUCTS OR FOUNDRY PRODUCTS (Must be completed for all quotes and bids. Please type or print) STATE OF COUNTY ) SS: 3 S— Z 1 Z 3 S (� J The undersigned Contractor, being duly sworn upon his/her/its oath, affirms under the penalties of perjury that: Contractor has not, nor has any other member, representative, or agent of the firm, company, corporation or partnership represented by him, entered into any combination, collusion or agreement with any person relative to the price to be bid by anyone at such letting nor to prevent any person from bidding nor to induce anyone to refrain from bidding, and that this bid is made without reference to any other bid and without any agreement, understanding or combination with any other person in reference to such bidding. Contractor further says that no person or persons, firms, or corporation has, have or will receive directly or indirectly, any rebate, fee, gift, commission or thing of value on account of such sale; and 2. Contractor certifies by submission of this proposal that neither contractor nor any of its principals are presently debarred, suspended, proposed for debarment, declared ineligible, or voluntarily excluded from participation in this transaction by any Federal department or agency; and 3. Contractor has not, nor has any successor to, nor an affiliate of, Contractor, engaged in investment activities in Iran. a. For purposes of this Certification, "Iran" means the government of Iran and any agency or instrumentality of Iran, or as otherwise defined at Ind. Code § 5-22-16.5-5, as amended from time -to -time. b. As provided by Ind. Code § 5-22-16.5-8, as amended from time -to -time, a Contractor is engaged in investment activities in Iran if either. i. Contractor, its successor or its affiliate, provides goods or services of twenty million dollars ($20,000,000) or more in value in the energy sector of Iran; or ii. Contractor, its successor or its affiliate, is a financial institution that extends twenty million dollars ($20,000,000) or more in credit to another person for forty-five (45) days or more, if that person will (i) use the credit to provides goods and services in the energy sector in Iran; and (ii) at the time the financial institution extends credit, is a person identified on list published by the Indiana Department of Administration. 4. Contractor does not knowingly employ or contract with an unauthorized alien, nor retain any employee or contract with a person that the Contractor subsequently learns is an unauthorized alien. Contractor agrees that he/she/it shall enroll in and verify the work Version 7/31/2015 Contractor's Bid for Public Works - 4 eligibility status of all of Contractor's newly hired employees through the E-Verify Program as defined by I.C. 22-5-1.7-3. Contractor's documentation of enrollment and participation in the E-Verify Program is included and attached as part of this bid/quote; and 5. Contractor shall require his/herlts subcontractors performing work under this public contract to certify that the subcontractors do not knowingly employ or contract with an unauthorized alien, nor retain any employee or contract with a person that the subcontractor subsequently learns is an unauthorized alien, and that the subcontractor has enrolled in and is participating in the E-Verify Program. The Contractor agrees to maintain this certification throughout the term of the contract with the City of South Bend, and understands that the City may terminate the contract for default if the Contractor fails to cure a breach of this provision no later than thirty (30) days after being notified by the City. 6. Persons, partnerships, corporations, associations, orjoint venturers awarded a contract by the City of South Bend through its agencies, boards, or commissions shall not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment in the performance of a City contract with respect to hire, tenure, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, or any matter directly or indirectly related to employment because of race, sex, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, age, gender expression, gender identity, sexual orientation or disability that does not affect that person's ability to perform the work. In awarding contracts for the purchase of work, labor, services, supplies, equipment, materials, or any combination of the foregoing including, but not limited to, public works contracts awarded under public bidding laws or other contracts in which public bids are not required by law, the City, its agencies, boards, or commissions may consider the Contractor's good faith efforts to obtain participation by those Contractors certified by the State of Indiana as a Minority Business ("MBE") or as a Women's Business Enterprise ("WBE") as a factor in determining the lowest, responsible, responsive bidder. In no event shall persons or entities seeking the award of a City contract be required to award a subcontract to an MBE/WBE; however, it may not unlawfully discriminate against said WBE/MBE. A finding of a discriminatory practice by the City's MBEM/BE Utilization Board shall prohibit that person or entity from being awarded a City contract for a period of one (1) year from the date of such determination, and such determination may also be grounds for terminating the contact for which the discriminatory practice or noncompliance pertains. 7. The undersigned contractor agrees that the following nondiscrimination commitment shall be made a part of any contract which it may henceforth enter into with the City of South Bend, Indiana or any of its agencies, boards or commissions. Contractor agrees not to discriminate against or intimidate any employee or applicant for employment in the performance of this contract with privileges of employment, or any matter directly or indirectly related to employment, because of race, religion, color, sex, gender expression, gender identity, sexual orientation, handicap, national origin or ancestry. Breach of this provision may be regarded as material breach of contract. I, the undersigned bidder or agent as contractor on a public works project, understand my statutory obligations to the use of steel products or foundry products made in the United States (I.C. 5-16-8-1). 1 hereby certify that I and all subcontractors employed by me for this project will use steel products or foundry products on this project if awarded. I understand that violations hereunder may result in forfeiture of contractual payments. 1.. Version 7/31/2015 Contractor's Bid for Public Works - 5 I hereby affirm under the penalties of perjury that the fads and information contained in the foregoing bid for public works are true and correct. Dated this day of , 20zp Subscribed and sworn to before me this My Commission Expires County of Resident Contractor/Bidder (Firm) _7 Signature of Contractor/Bidder or Its Agent Printed Name and Title MONICA JO MILHOLLAN ➢4 —•—' SPAL Wells County ' My Commission Expires iA February 20, 2022 Version 7/3112015 Contractor's Bid for Public Works - 6 N Olary e�' s -. W m aN m o '1 C P m O O wU ow O S LU `W 0 W U) w a� a Zf mw0 a' =Na N zz W LL 2 0m0 IL �ww U m W �o 0 Z a } 0 _Z 9 J 0 0 z 0 a oV W p CD Via. 03 O� LL m g LL 0 LL 0 0 w a _42 = m v0 f/1 N C O W a3 s Y G u 3 a O 7 a •� o c m E L a r w 7 co y `o� R Uy d 0 3 C C .` C. > N 0 V as m U) L_ c O CL 3 � O ID _d ID a o w 0. W (A N y 0f UI ava sa•a 0 y W c Y ; N W O E= o � � $ m0 �c3 C is O `o a n� 0 = n� m C O W W m 2 a � � o C O O U � d doa VIIII c d o = m o n EU aw _m o U n N N C O E �a d9 a d m = a a 20 om t n N u d m o y m Q 0 N C aL 0v C N O U E m m E? a` w m 0 ffi a` a ro E z m E z m m E z m CITY OF SOUTH BEND o�se Tgn i MINORITY AND WOMEN BUSINESS ENTERPRISE DIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM a FORM MWBE-2.0 EVIDENCE OF GOOD FAITH EFFORTS aes [fib comprereu form snoulo oe urcmaea as part of the Bids documents related to City of South Bend Public Works Projects requiring Good Faith Efforts to obtain MBE/WBE participation. It is the bidder's sole responsibility to verify whether any listed minority or woman business meets the qualifications of a Minority or Women's owned business as defined by the Indiana Department of Administration ("IDOA"). Project Number: _(PB18) Date: 7 //-/(, Project Name: Fremont Park Splash Pad Design & Ir Bidder: A /^ , Contact Person: _ /irJ .�j`,gri/ �yr� . -7,7./ Telephone: ;9ko e„ 1VY1FZ Address: hSZ)97 jC5?-,1ANe /tea City: i// , e.^ State: /iv Zip: Email: 7lV I'a n ^r ta. To determine whether a bidder has demonstrated good faith efforts to reach the MBENVBE utilization goals set forth in the City of South Bend Public Works Project Specifications, the City and its agencies, boards, or commissions, REQUIRE ALL of the following Good Faith Efforts as listed in the table below': EVIDENCE OF GOOD FAITH EFFORTS MBE/WBE LIST(S): The bidder reviewed the City of South Bend's Minority and Women Business DNJ Enterprise Diversity Development Program, which uses the IDOA approved list of Minority and Women Owned Business as found on their website (http://www.in.gov/idoa). ACTION (ADVERTISE/CONTACT): In order for your bid to be deemed responsive, the City of South Bend equires that all perspective bidders complete no less than 2 of the following: Attend all pre -bid meetings scheduled by the City to inform MBENVBEs of contracting and subcontracting opportunities. 2. Advertise in general circulation and/or trade association publications concerning subcontracting opportunities, and allow MBENVBEs reasonable time to respond. 3. Perform any and all necessary steps to provide written notice in a manner reasonably calculated to inform MBENVBEs of subcontracting opportunities and allowed sufficient time for them to participate effectively. 4. Utilize pre-existing services of available community organizations, small and/or disadvantaged business assistance offices and other organizations that provided assistance in the recruitment and placement of MBENVBE firms. "Bidder must circle or otherwise notate which of the two (2) required actions were performed. GOOD FAITH NEGOTIATIONS: The bidder negotiated in good faith with interested MBENVBEs, gJ�fv including providing such MBENVBE's with adequate information about the plans, specifications and other requirements of the subcontract and did not reject MBE/WBEs as unqualified without sound business reasons based on a thorough investigation of their capabilities. p '�y SMALL CONTRACT(S): The bidder selected specific portions of the work to be performed by V"�Y'• MBENVBEs in order to increase the likelihood of meeting the MBENVBE goals (including breaking down contracts into smaller units to facilitate MBENVBE participation) CONTRACT RECORDS: The bidder has maintained the following records for each MBENVBE that has bid on the subcontracting opportunity: 1. Name, address, and telephone number; 2. A description of information provided by the bidder or subcontractor, and 3. A statement of whether an agreement was reached, and if not, why not, including any reasons for concluding that the MBENVBE was unqualified to perform the job. . WPC. uemunsarauao or moou rann ormn: requires your initials next to all of the above boxes. Any omissions shall be considered grounds for rejection of the bid by the Board of Public Works. The City of South Bend reserves the right to request additional information. Version 7/31/2015 Contractor's Bid for Public Works - 9 CITY OF SOUTH BEND o soUTyeF MINORITY AND WOMEN BUSINESS ENTERPRISE DIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM w FORM MWBE-2.1 5 MBE/WBE CONTACTED rsas This completed form should be supplied with Bids that pertain to City of South Bend Public Works Projects requiring contacted MBE/WBE to obtain Good Faith Efforts. It is the bidder's sole responsibility to verify whether any listed minority or woman business meets the qualifications of a Minority or Women's owned business. / PAGE_F Project Number: (PB18) MBENVBE Participation Goal Project Name: Fremont Park Splash Pad Design & Install Bidder: (Signature) Title ( ) (Date) MBE/WBE Firm Owner or Contact at MBENVBE Firm Telephone: Fax: Email: TYPE OF WORK SOLICITED FOR THIS PROJECT. - RESULTS OF CONTACT WITH THE MBENVBE FIRM: MBEMBE Firm Owner or Contact at MBENVBE Firm Telephone: Fax: Email: TYPE OF WORK SOLICITED FOR THIS PROJECT: RESULTS OF CONTACT WITH THE MBE/WBE FIRM: Version 7/31/2015 Contractor's Bid for Public Works - 10 PART II (For projects of $100,000 or more - IC 36-1-12-4 P A These statements to be submitted under oath by each bidder with as part of his bid. Attach additional pages for each section as needed. SECTION 1 EXPERIENCE QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Attach information regarding projects your organization has completed for the period of one (1) year prior to the date of the current bid. 2. Attach a listing of public works projects currently in process of construction by your organization. 3. Attach information regarding any failure to complete any work awarded to you and the location thereof. 4. Attach references from private firms for which you have performed work. SECTION II PLAN AND EQUIPMENT QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Attach an explanation of your plan or layout for performing proposed work. (Examples could include a narrative of when you could begin work, complete the project, number of workers, etc. and any other information which you believe would enable the City of South Bend to consider your bid.) 2. Attach a listing of the names and addresses of all subcontractors (i.e. persons or firms outside your own firm who have performed part of the work) that you have used on public works projects during the past five (5) years along with a brief description of the work done by each subcontractor. 3. If you intend to sublet any portion of the work, attach the name and address of each subcontractor, equipment to be used by the subcontractor, and whether you will require a bond. However, if you are unable to currently provide a listing, please understand a listing must be provided prior to contract approval. Until the completion of the proposed project, you are under a continuing obligation to immediately notify the City of South Bend in the event that you subsequently determine that you will use a subcontractor on the proposed project. 4. Attach a listing of equipment you have available to use for the proposed project. 5. Have you entered into contracts or received offers for all materials which substantiate the prices used in preparing your proposal? If not, attach an explanation for the rationale used which would corroborate the prices listed. SECTION III CONTRACTOR'S FINANCIAL STATEMENT Attachment of bidder's financial statement is mandatory. Any bid submitted without said financial statement as required by statute shall thereby be rendered invalid. The financial statement provided hereunder to the City of South Bend awarding the contract must be specific enough in detail so that said City of South Bend can make a proper determination of the bidder's capability for completing the project if awarded. Version 7/31/2015 Contractor's Bid for Public Works - 3 CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA CONTRACTOR'S BID FOR PUBLIC WORK CHECKLIST FOR BIDDERS Project Name Fremont Splash Pad Design & install Project No. 8) For Bids Due 7112/16 From time to time the South Bend Board of Public Works finds it necessary to reject a bid because it does not comply with statutory requirements. In preparing your bid, please use the following checklist in order to make sure that your bid is done in the proper manner. Proper bid security included. The bidder has the option of providing either a Certified Check or Bid Bond. Bid prepared on the City of South Bend Contractor's Bid for Public Work Form, completely executed. Contractor's Non -Collusion and Non -Debarment Affidavit, Certification Regarding Investments with Iran, Employment Eligibility Verification, Non -Discrimination Commitment, and Certification of use of United States Steel Products or Foundry Products. Proof of MBE/WBE Participation Goal Form [MWBE-1.0]. If minimum participation goal is not met, also provide Evidence of Good Faith Efforts Form [MWBE-2.0] and MBENVBE Contacted Form [MWBE-2.1]. V Acknowledge Receipt of -- Addendum(s) included with the bid. t� All required additional information is included with the bid. f Proposal statements and other affidavits all signed by the proper party with name either printed or typed underneath signature. This checklist submitted with the Bid. This checklist is provided for bidder's use in assuring compliance with required documentation; however, it does not include all specifications requirements and does not relieve the bidder ofthe need to read and comply with the specifications. Bidder: /bi/. /,th-2, S_j . '-;7-/ Date: 7— By Authorized Representative: Signature: Print Name & Title: 6-1 //,- ,�' �, 1,5�' C� , ;7--/ Version 7/31/2015 Contractor's Bid for Public Works - 1 BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS AGENDA ITEM REVIEW REQUEST FORM Date 8/2/16 Name John Martinez Department Parks BPW Date 812/16 Phone Extension 235-7645 Required Prior to Submittal to Board Legal Attorney Name Controller review is required for all Contracts $5,000.00 or more Controller ❑ and greater than one year in length per the City Purchasing Policy Purchasing Check the Appropriate Item Type — Required for All Submissions ❑ Agreement ❑ Contract ❑ Proposal ❑ Addendum ❑ Professional Services ❑ Bid Opening ® Bid Award ❑ Req. to Advertise ❑ Title Sheet ❑ Quote Opening ❑ Quote Award ❑ Chg Order No. ❑ C/O & PCA No. ❑ PCA ❑ Ease./Encroach. ❑ Traffic Control ❑ Resolution ❑ Other: I-1 Claim Company or Vendor Name New Vendor MBEM/BE Contractor Project Name Project Number Funding Source Account No. Amount Terms of Contract Purpose/Description Amount of RecSource ❑ Yes ® No ❑ MBE ❑ WBE Fremont Par PB18 Park Bond Increase Decrease Previous Amount Current Percent of Change New Amount Total Percent of Change: Time Extension: Copy Original ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ If Yes, Approved by k Completed E-Verify Form Attached ❑ Yes ❑ No Splash Pad In ana construction of SK For Change Orders Only Dispersal After Approval