Laserfiche WebLink
AMERICAN Linings <br />for Pipe and Fittings <br />The principal standard covering cement lining is ANSI/AWWA C104/A21.4. This <br />and other standards are referenced throughout this Section either by the full <br />ANSI/AWWA designation or by only the AWWA numbering, such as AWWA C104. <br />Along with technical and metallurgi- <br />cal advancement in piping materials, <br />research on lining requirements for pipe <br />and fittings has resulted in the develop- <br />ment of linings to meet many different <br />service requirements. AMERICAN offers <br />several types of linings, the most common <br />being cement lining. <br />Pipe and fittings furnished by AMER- <br />ICAN are offered unlined or with linings <br />as follows: <br />1. Cement Lined per AWWA C104. <br />2. Asphaltic Lined per AWWA C110, <br />C115 or C151. <br />Cement <br />Cement -mortar lining for ductile iron <br />pipe and ductile and gray iron fittings for <br />water service is in accordance with <br />ANSI/AWWA C104/A21.4. <br />Cement -lined pipe is also furnished for <br />some sewage service and a number of other <br />applications. In fact, most pipe furnished is <br />cement lined, providing improved flow char- <br />acteristics and the required protection <br />against internal corrosion. The cement lining <br />is satisfactory for temperatures up to 212°F. <br />If asphaltic seal coat is furnished, the lining is <br />only adequate for temperatures up to 1507. <br />For other services contact AMERICAN <br />regarding temperature limitations of cement <br />lining. <br />The first recorded installation of <br />cement -lined gray iron pipe was in 1922 at <br />Charleston, S.C. This lining was developed <br />by the Charleston Commission of Public <br />Works in cooperation with American Cast <br />Iron Pipe Company. Since this beginning, <br />AMERICAN has furnished most of its pipe <br />with cement lining. The lining is applied cen- <br />trifugally with the speed of rotation designed <br />to produce a smooth waterway surface, <br />minimal voids, yet retaining enough moisture <br />for proper curing. AMERICAN cement -lined <br />3. Fusion -Bonded Epoxy (for 4"-16" <br />Fastite fittings) per AWWA C116. <br />4. PROTECTO 401 Lined - Ceramic <br />Epoxy Lined. <br />5. Special Lining - for unusual service <br />conditions. <br />Lining <br />pipe and fittings are listed by ANSI/NSF <br />Standard 61 for potable water contact. <br />Flow tests on cement -lined pipe under <br />varying service conditions have established <br />that the Hazen -Williams flow coefficient <br />remains as expected at about 140, and flow <br />tests on cement -lined, large -diameter <br />AMERICAN Ductile Iron pipe have confirmed <br />flow coefficients much higher than 140. <br />Handling Cement -Lined Pipe and <br />Fittings <br />Pipe and fittings with cement lining <br />should be handled with rubber -covered <br />hooks or other type equipment to prevent <br />damage to the cement lining. Bare fork lift <br />arms or bare hooks should not be inserted <br />into open ends. <br />Characteristics of Cement Lining <br />AWWA C104 allows for surface crazing <br />and cracks of a specified nature and magni- <br />tude. Occasionally cracks and looseness in <br />linings may occur prior to installation, partic- <br />ularly where pipe is stored for a considerable <br />time. Many years' experience with cement - <br />lined pipe and fittings has verified that this <br />condition is not detrimental to the perfor- <br />