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the circulation hose will tend to float as a result of the hot water and entrained air in the circulating <br />pumps. Weights should be placed every 12-15 feet. Six-ounce fishing weights or several pieces of <br />large chain link can be tied with the same rope used for splicing the hose. Offset holes <br />punched for attachment of the weights and those placed in the discharge hose for increased water <br />circulation. Insure all sharp edges are removed from the links of chain. Failure to weight the hose <br />may result in poor heating along the invert of the installed liner which could require an extended <br />cure cycle or produce an uncured section of liner. <br /> <br />Number of Circulation Hoses -- As the diameter and length of the rehabilitation increases, the <br />need to increase the circulation within the tube becomes a necessity. In general one should <br />consider using two circulation hoses for any tube that is 18 inch in diameter or larger. This can be <br />accomplished by attaching two circulation hoses onto the end of the liner. One hose is then <br />attached to the output water from the heater truck and should have no perforations with the end <br />open to allow all the water to output to the end of the tube. The second lay flat is allowed to have <br />multiple perforations as described previously. However, this second hose should be partially (i.e. <br />50%) closed at the end in order to force more water out the holes punched along the length of the <br />hose. This second discharge hose is not weighted. This circulation hose should be attached to a <br />separate pump (capable of pumping high temperature water) that is simply pulling the water out of <br />the column and returning it throughout the length of the lining tube. <br /> <br />WATER COLUMN CONSTRUCTION <br /> <br />Top Ring -- The top ring may be any number of diameters depending on the size and construction <br />of the top ring and cone. The top ring can be constructed of carbon or stainless steel. The outer <br />surface of the top ring must have several protruding beads welded around the full circumference <br />at evenly spaced intervals of approximately 1.5 - 2 inches (38 - 50 mm). <br /> <br />The beads should be at least 0.125 inch high and a minimum of three beads per end is <br />recommended. These welded beads are necessary to attach liner such that it can slip off during <br />the installation. All the metal surfaces must be completely smooth and free of burrs or sharp <br />edges that might cut or damage the circulation hose(s) or the liner being inverted. <br /> <br />Column Height & Diameter -- Guidance for the lengths can be calculated to give recommended <br />water column height based on the diameter and thickness of the liner to be installed. Variable <br />diameters must be manufactured to accommodate the diameter of the liners installed. For <br />example, a top ring may be constructed with a 7.0 inch diameter at the face where the liner itself is <br />attached. <br /> <br />The 7.0-inch face would accommodate the installation of 8-10 inch diameter liners. Allowing the <br />column to be a larger diameter makes room for the suction and circulation hose, as well as a plate <br />mold for sampling purposes. For 12” diameter liners, use a 11” diameter bottom ring. For larger <br />than 12” diameter liners, use the liner itself for the downtube. <br /> <br />LINER <br /> <br />Handling and Storage -- Always protect the liner from anything that might produce holes in the <br />membrane. This includes walking on the hose, dragging it across the road etc. Holes or weak <br />areas may result in a large tear once the liner is stretched with hydrostatic pressure. <br /> <br />Also take note that the liner loses strength and is further weakened with heat from the hot water <br />so damaged areas may not become apparent until fully into the curing cycle. <br /> <br />