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BUILDING PLANNING • Section R323, and are otherwise constructed in accor- dance with this code. R309.6 Automatic garage door openers. Automatic garage door openers, if provided, shall be listed in accordance with UL 325. SECTION R310 EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENINGS 8310.1 Emergency escape and rescue required. Basements with habitable space and every sleeping room shall have at least one openable emergency escape and rescue opening. Where basements contain one or more sleeping rooms, emergency egress and rescue openings shall be required in each sleeping room, but shall not be required in adjoining areas of the base- ment. Where emergency escape and rescue openings are pro- vided they shall have a sill height of not more than 44 inches (1118 mm) above the floor. Where a door opening having a threshold below the adjacent ground elevation serves as an emergency escape and rescue opening and is provided with a bulkhead enclosure, the bulkhead enclosure shall comply with Section 310.3. The net clear opening dimensions required by this section shall be obtained by the normal operation of the emergency escape and rescue opening from the inside. Emer- gency escape and rescue openings with a finished sill height be- low the adjacent ground elevation shall be provided with a window well in accordance with'Section R310.2. R310.1.1 Minimum opening area. All emergency escape and rescue openings shall have a minimum net clear open- ing of 5.7 square feet (0.530 m2). Exception: Grade floor openings shall have a minimum net clear opening of 5 square feet (0.465 m2). R310.1.2 Minimum opening height. The minimum net clear opening height shall be 24 inches (6 10 mm). R310.1.3 Minimum opening width. The minimum net clear opening width shall be 20 inches (508 mm). R310.1A Operational constraints. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall be operational from the inside of the room without the use of keys or tools. R310.2 Window wells. The minimum horizontal area of the window well shall be 9 square feet (0.84 m2), with a minimum horizontal projection and width of 36 inches (914 mm). The area of the window well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue opening to be fully opened. Exception: The ladder or steps required by Section R310.2.1 shall be permitted to encroach a maximum of 6 inches (152 mm) into the required dimensions of the win- dow well. R310.2.1 Ladder and steps. Window wells with a vertical I depth greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) shall be equipped with a permanently affixed ladder or steps usable with the window in the fully open position. Ladders or steps required by this section shall not be required to comply with Sections R311.5 and R311.6. Ladders or rungs shall have an inside width of at least 12 inches (305 mm), shall project at least 3 inches (76 mm) from the wall and shall be spaced not more than 18 inches (457 mm) on center vertically for the full height of the window well. 8310.3 Bulkhead enclosures. Bulkhead enclosures shall pro- vide direct access to the basement. The bulkhead enclosure with the door panels in the fully open position shall provide the minimum net clear opening required by Section R310.1.1. Bulkhead enclosures shall also comply with Section R311.5.8.2. R310.4 Bars, grills, covers and screens. Bars, grills, covers, screens or similar devices are permitted to be placed over emer- gency escape and rescue openings, bulkhead enclosures, or window wells that serve such openings, provided the minimum net clear opening size complies with Sections R310.1.1 to R3I0.1.3, and such devices shall be releasable or removable from the inside without the use of a key, tool or force greater than that which is required for normal operation of the escape and rescue opening. SECTION R311 MEANS OF EGRESS R311.1 General. Stairways, ramps, exterior exit balconies, hallways and doors shall comply with this section. R311.2 Construction. R311.2.1 Attachment. Required exterior exit balconies, stairs and similar exit facilities shall be positively anchored to the primary structure to resist both vertical and lateral forces. Such attachment shall not be accomplished by use of toenails or nails subject to withdrawal. R311.2.2 Under stair protection. Enclosed accessible space under stairs shall have walls, under stair surface and any soffits protected on the enclosed side with'/2-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum board. R311.3 Hallways. The minimum width of a hallway shall be not less than 3 feet (914 mm). R311A Doors. R311A.1 Exit door required. Not less than one exit door conforming to this section shall be provided for each dwell- ing unit. The required exit door shall provide for direct ac- cess from the habitable portions of the dwelling to the exterior without requiring travel through a garage. Access to habitable levels not having an exit in accordance with this section shall be by a ramp in accordance with Section R311.6 or a stairway in accordance with Section R311.5. R311A.2 Door type and size. The required exit door shall be a side -hinged door not less than 3 feet (914 nun) in width and 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) in height. Other doors shall not be required to comply with these minimum dimensions. R311.4.3 Landings at doors. There shall be a floor or land- ing on each side of each exterior door. Exception: Where a stairway of two or fewer risers is lo- cated on the exterior side of a door, other than the re- quired exit door, a landing is not required for the exterior side of the door. The floor or landing at the exit door required by Section R311.4.1 shall not be more than 1.5 inches (38 mm) lower 2003 INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL CODE'® 49