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Entmpieneur.com data and Black Enterprise magazine research data also show that South Bend ranks <br /> among the lowest in Indiana and nationally in the number of minority owned businesses and <br /> minority business start-ups as well. <br /> The King and Roos'Benchmarking South Bend document also reports that South Bend's prime <br /> working age population,weighted workforce education index and talent index are all less than the <br /> U.S. average."It is reasonable to surmise that labor force deficiencies are the disadvantage which <br /> causes the region's shift share to be negative",according to the report. Just like their white <br /> counterparts,many minority college graduates choose to leave the community to start a career or <br /> new business venture because they do not see opportunity in South Bend. <br /> A report titled"Minority participation in Indiana's Strategic Economic Development planning <br /> process"released by the U.S.Department of Commerce Minority Business Development Agency <br /> reflects similar problems throughout the state. The report states that through a sampling study of <br /> 2,500 Indiana businesses identifying themselves in census reports as either African American or <br /> Hispanic/Latino,an overwhelming majority(67 1/6) did not know of state agencies or state directives <br /> that provide assistance for minority owned businesses. It can be surmised that because of this lack <br /> .of knowledge,many business owners who could benefit from the assistance provided by minority <br /> business development programs are not as equipped as they might be to reach their goals and <br /> become successful. <br /> Statistics acrd Trends <br /> Minority Business Ownership: In 1990,nationally there were 1.2 million minority owned firms with <br /> gross receipts of just under$73 billion. This,was an increase of 67 percent in the number of firms <br /> and 127 percent in gross receipts over the year 1982. According to time 2010 Economic Census <br /> Survey of Business Owners,there were nationally 1.1 million minority owned firms with gross <br /> receipts of just over$69 billion. This shows a significant decline in both the number of businesses <br /> and their financial stability. <br /> Comparison to all U.S. Firms:Minority owned firms accounted for almost 9 percent of the total <br /> number of individual proprietorships,partnerships and subchapter S corporations in the U.S.and <br /> almost 4 percent of their gross receipts in 1990. In 2010 those numbers changed.to 7.7 percent of <br /> the total number of individual proprietorships,partnerships and subchapter S corporations and 2.8 <br /> percent of their gross receipts. <br /> Industry Characteristics: Minority owned firms,like all U.S. firms,are concentrated in the service <br /> industries. These industries account for 46 percent of the minority owned firms and 28 percent of <br /> their receipts compared to 43 percent of all U.S. ems and 21 percent of their receipts. Retail trade <br /> has the next largest share with 19 percent of the minority owned firms and 35 percent of their <br /> receipts. Retail trade accounts for 16 percent of all U.S. firms and 27 percent of their receipts.. <br /> Indiana Minority Firms: In 1990 there were 5,867 minority owned firms in Indiana,with the greatest <br /> number(3,014)in services and the next largest group (1,782)in retail trade. The remaining 1,071 <br /> were in manufacturing and other industries. <br /> St Joseph County Minority Firms: 1990 census data showed 278 St.Joseph County minority owned <br /> firms with business category concentrations mirroring those of the state. In 2010,business census <br /> 6 <br /> 'Phis proposal was compiled and created by Sallie and Associates—saHieassoci tes@aoLcom <br />